秦岭汉中地区红豆杉种质资源调查研究  

Investigation on germplasm resources of Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis in Hanzhong area of Qinling Mountains

作　　者：胡佳 魏丽娜 邓茜茜 程文娜 李丽[2] 钱拴提[3] 胡凤成 蒋景龙[1] HU Jia;WEI Lina;DENG Xixi;CHENG Wenna;LI Li;QIAN Shuanti;HU Fengcheng;JIANG Jinglong(School of Biological Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Science,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,China;Yangling Vocational and Technical College,Yangling 610403,China;Forest Seedling Station in Lueyang County,Lueyang 724310,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院,陕西汉中723000 [2]陕西理工大学化学与环境科学学院,陕西汉中723000 [3]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨凌610403 [4]略阳县林木种苗工作站,陕西略阳724310

出　　处：《陕西理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期93-99,108,共8页Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：陕西红豆杉国家林木种质资源异地保存库建设项目(JZ2021-48)。

摘　　要：红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis(Pilger) Florin)是国家Ⅰ级重点保护树种,在秦岭地区广泛分布,是提取抗癌药物紫杉醇的重要来源。但其受人类破坏严重,亟需调查其分布和生长现状以便于实施针对性保护。2023年4月—2024年2月,采取踏查、样线调查相结合的方法,对秦岭汉中地区红豆杉林木资源开展调查。结果表明:(1)秦岭汉中地区红豆杉主要分布在略阳县郭镇和金家河镇、留坝县玉皇庙镇与留侯镇、佛坪县长角坝镇、勉县张家河镇,洋县和城固县分布较少,多呈现零散分布;(2)红豆杉一级古树4株、二级古树9株、三级古树342株,大部分生长状况较好,得到了有效保护;(3)红豆杉Ⅰ级幼苗个体缺乏,Ⅱ级幼树较少,缺乏大径级个体,结籽个体占比8.16%,平均树高不足10 m,种群缺乏较强的竞争力,处于衰退阶段;(4)略阳县和城固县有较大规模的人工繁育苗木。建议对汉中市野生红豆杉集中分布区建立保护小区,定期实施监测,建立大规模红豆杉人工繁育种苗基地。Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis is a national first-class protected tree species,widely distributed in the Qinling Mountains and is an important source for extracting the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel.However,it has been severely affected by human activities,necessitating an investigation into its distribution and growth status to implement targeted protection measures.From April 2023 to Februrary 2024,a combination of field surveys and transect investigations are used to survey Taxus chinensis in the Hanzhong area of the Qinling Mountains.The results show that:(1)Taxus chinensis in Hanzhong Qinling Mountains are mainly distributed in Guozhen and Jinjiahe towns of Lueyang County,Yuhuangmiao and Liuhou towns of Liuba County,Changjiaoba town of Foping County,and Zhangjiahe town of Mianxian County,with sparse distribution in Yangxian County and Chenggu County.(2)There are 4 ancient trees with grade I,9 grade II and 342 grade III,most of which are in good growth condition and have been effectively protected.(3)There is a lack of grade I seedling individuals,fewer grade II young trees,a lack of large diameter individuals,8.16%of seed-bearing individuals,and an average tree height of less than 10 m.The population lacks strong competitiveness and is in a stage of decline.(4)There are large-scale artificial breeding seedlings of Taxus chinens in Lueyang County and Chenggu County.Therefore,it is recommended to establish a protection zone for the concentrated distribution area of wild Taxus chinens in Hanzhong City,implement regular monitoring,and establish a large-scale artificial breeding seedling base for it.

关 键 词：红豆杉 林木资源现状 样线法 树径 

分 类 号：S791.49[农业科学—林木遗传育种]