三种生物菌剂对黄芪根腐病防效及生长发育的影响  

Effects of three microbial agents on the control of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus root rot and their influence growth and development

作　　者：樊良帅 黄振斌 晋小军 蔺红亮 刘璇 蒙俊杰 赵树鸿 周锦程 FAN Liangshuai;HUANG Zhenbin;JIN Xiaojun;LIN Hongliang;LIU Xuan;MENG Junjie;ZHAO Shuhong;ZHOU Jincheng(Key Laboratory of Crop Science in Arid Habitat of Gansu Province,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Zhuoni Qiuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co.,LTD.,Gannan 747602,Gansu Province,China;Weiyuan County Aixiyuan Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,LTD.,Weiyuan 748200,Gansu Province,China;Sinopharm Seed Industry Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]卓尼县秋合农牧业科技发展有限公司,甘肃甘南747602 [3]渭源县艾西源生态农业发展有限公司,甘肃渭源748200 [4]国药种业有限公司,北京100035

出　　处：《农药学学报》2025年第1期160-170,共11页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系中药材产业体系/加工与储藏岗位(No.GARS-ZYC-2);贫困地区精准扶贫中药材产业技术研究与示范推广(No.04119010);甘肃省主产大宗药材规范化栽培技术(No.070003)。

摘　　要：为解决黄芪根腐病防治问题,本研究开展了影响黄芪根腐病防效的试验,旨在降低重茬黄芪的根腐病发生率,并提高其产量和品质,具有重要的实践意义。试验在渭源县重茬黄芪地进行,选用枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、哈茨木霉菌Trichoderma harzianum和解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3种生物菌剂,采用三因素四水平的“3414”正交蘸根试验设计,通过对出苗率、根腐病防治效果、土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质和农艺性状指标的测定与分析,确定了生物菌剂的最佳施用时期及用量。结果表明:HQ-13生物菌剂组合(60.0 g/mU枯草芽孢杆菌+50.0 g/mU哈茨木霉菌+27.5 g/mU解淀粉芽孢杆菌)蘸根处理对提高黄芪出苗、土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质及根腐病的防治效果最好;HQ-10生物菌剂组合(90.0 g/mU枯草芽孢杆菌+100.0 g/mU哈茨木霉菌+55.0 g/mU解淀粉芽孢杆菌)蘸根处理对提升黄芪的农艺性状、增强土壤酶活性及改善土壤理化性质方面表现效果最好。相关性分析结果显示:根腐病防治效果与出苗、农艺性状呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。因此,建议黄芪苗期采用HQ-13生物菌剂组合蘸根处理,生长期则以HQ-10生物菌剂组合为宜。To address the issue of root rot prevention Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus,this study conducted a study and test on the effect of microbial agents on root rot control efficiency,which has significant practical significance for reducing the incidence of root rot in repeatedly cropped Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus root rot and enhancing yield and quality.In this study,three biological bacteriological agents-Bacillus subtilis,Trichoderma Harzianum,and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were used in Weiyuan County under controlled experimental conditions.An orthogonal dip root test design labeled'3414'was employed,incorporating three factors and four levels.Through the assessment and analysis of emergence rate,root rot control efficacy,soil enzyme activity,soil physicochemical property and agronomic trait indices,the results were used to determine the optimal timing and dosage for the application of these biological agents.Results indicated that the HQ-13 microbial agent combination(60.0 g/mU B.subtilis+50.0 g/mU T.harzianum+27.5 g/mU B.amyloliquefaciens)exhibited the most favorable effect in enhancing emergence,soil enzyme activity,soil physicochemical property,and reducing root rot control.The HQ-10 microbial agent combination(90.0 g/mU B.subtilis+100.0 g/mU T.harzianum+55.0 g/mU B.amyloliquefaciens)root dipping treatment shows the best performance in improving agronomic traits,increasing soil enzyme activity,and improving soil physicochemical properties and chemical indicators of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus.Correlation analysis data showed that the root rot control effect was positively correlated with seedling emergence and agronomic traits(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with soil enzyme activity and soil physicochemical property(P<0.01).Therefore,the author suggested that the HQ-13 microbial combination dip root treatment should be used at the emergence stage of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and the HQ-10 microbial combination should be used during the growth stage.

关 键 词：生物菌剂 根腐病防效 土壤酶活性 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]