《西魏书》编纂始末及其对西魏史的建构  

The Compilation of XIWEISHU and the Construction of History of Western Wei Dynasty in It

作　　者：唐燮军 Tang Xiejun

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《史学史研究》2024年第4期9-18,共10页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“《西魏书》校笺”(项目编号:19FZSB044)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《西魏书》之作,历时近八年,大抵可分为两期。前期上起乾隆五十二年秋谢启昆与胡虔相遇之初,下迄翌年秋胡氏参加江南乡试前夕,期间订立“凡例”并撰成初稿;后期始于谢氏被擢为江南河库道之后的乾隆五十六年七月,告终于乾隆六十年正月胡虔作《跋》于杭州。为西魏与东魏争正统,既是谢启昆秉自乃师翁方纲的创作缘起和著述宗旨,也是建构《西魏书》框架、叙述西魏历史的基本准则。为此,不仅效法《后魏书》,为西魏四帝辟置本纪,藉以建构正朔斯在的统绪,而且对内讲究“史裁”“限断”,确定西魏史与北周史的叙事边界,对外注重“书法”“义例”,以此区分西魏与东魏的正伪。亦惟其如此,尽管《西魏书》在取材、史论等方面存在一些问题,但它既是清代学者改写旧史的典范,更是现存唯一以叙说西魏皇业始末为职志的纪传体断代史,故仍具有比较独特的价值和意义。The compilation of XIWEISHU lasted nearly eight year,which could be divided into two periods.The early period began with the meeting of Xie Qikun and Hu Qian in the autumn of the fifty-second year of Qianlong Era,and to the next autumn when Hu participated in the Jiangnan provincial examination,during this period,the general system was drawn up and the first draft was completed.The later stage began with the promotion of Xie as intendant of Jiangnan River and Reservoir which was after July of the 56^(th)year of the Qianlong Era,and ended in the first month of the 60^(th)year of the Qianlong Era when Hu Qian wrote postscript in Hangzhou.The struggle for orthodoxy of Western Wei is not only the Xie Qikun's purpose of composition coming from his advisor,Weng Fanggang,but also the basic criterion for constructing the framework of XIWEISHU and narrating the history of Western Wei.So,Xie Qikun not only followed style of the HOUWEISHU and set up Benjis for the four emperors of Western Wei,in order to manifest the orthodoxy of Western Wei,but also paid attention to periodic demarcation between Western Wei and Northern Zhou,and to the style of historiography which manifest orthodoxy.Though there are some defects in the historical book,such as defects in sources and historical criticism,the book is not only a model of scholars rewriting traditional history in the Qing Dynasty,but also the only existing chronological biographical history that records the history of emperors of the Western Wei Dynasty.Therefore,it still has unique value.

关 键 词：西魏史 编纂始末 正统观念 谋篇布局 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]