兰普莱希特的普遍史思想与实践  

Karl Lamprecht’s Thought and Practice of Universal History

作　　者：柏悦[1] Bai Yue

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《史学史研究》2024年第4期85-97,共13页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“德国新兰克学派史学家群体研究”(项目编号:20CSS003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪以来民族主义史学大行其道,在德国只有少数专业学者涉足普遍史,其中包括晚年写作《世界史》的史学大师兰克和文化史家卡尔·兰普莱希特。后者将文化史路径同普遍史书写联系起来,将运用于德国历史的“文化时代说”等理论框架推广至其他民族乃至全人类。兰普莱希特声称其他国家也经历过德国历史发展的5个文化阶段,只不过这些文化阶段在德国之外会变换顺序。此外,与兰克不同,兰普莱希特批判了欧洲中心论,且尤为重视东亚史和美国史。在他的操办下,1909年普遍史的实践场域莱比锡大学文化-普遍史研究所落成。研究所以跨学科、跨区域以及科研与教学并重的姿态成为全世界范围内普遍史研究的重要据点,时至今日普遍史更成为兰普莱希特史学遗产中影响最深远的一部分。Since the 19^(th)century,nationalist historiography has been in great vogue in Germany,and a small number of professional scholars has been involved in universal history in this country,including historian Leopold von Ranke,who wrote World History in his later years,and cultural historian Karl Lamprecht.Lamprecht linked the path of cultural history with universal history,and put forward a theoretical framework“Kulturzeitaltern”from Germany to other nations and to all mankind.He claimed that the 5 cultural stages of German historical development were played out in other countries,but might change order.Unlike Ranke,Lamprecht emphasized the history of East Asia and the United States,and also criticized Eurocentrism.In 1909,under Lamprecht's direction,Leipzig University established the Institute of Cultural and Universal History,which has been an important base of universal history research in the world with its interdisciplinary,cross-regional and equal emphasis on research and teaching.A hundred years later,universal history becomes the most far-reaching part of Lamprecht's historical legacy.

关 键 词：普遍史 兰普莱希特 文化史 德国史学 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]