迷宫式多级减压阀失效风险分析  

Risk Analysis of Failure in Multi-Stage Labyrinth Pressure Reducing Valves

作　　者：侯润海 马小春 张保亮 黄超 金建云 HOU Run-hai;MA Xiao-chun;ZHANG Bao-liang;HUANG Chao;JIN Jian-yun(Wuzhong Instrument Co.,Ltd.,Wuzhong 751100,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]吴忠仪表有限责任公司,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《阀门》2025年第2期183-189,共7页Chinese Journal of Valve

摘　　要：迷宫式多级减压阀因其卓越的降压性能和流量调节能力,在高温高压工况下得到了广泛应用。然而,该阀在长期运行过程中易受到空化、冲刷及湍流效应的影响,导致壁面存在冲刷腐蚀及结构失效风险。本文基于数值模拟方法分析了迷宫流道的多级降压特性及失效机制,揭示了湍流能量耗散、壁面剪切应力分布与局部流场特性之间的耦合关系,并识别出高风险失效区域。研究表明,当出口压力低于临界值0.21 MPa时,空化现象显著加剧,进一步诱发汽蚀损伤;同时,高流速和旋涡效应显著增强了局部壁面的冲刷腐蚀风险。针对这些问题,本文提出了优化出口压力、改进流道几何结构及提升材料抗冲刷性能的设计策略,从而有效降低设备失效风险并延长其使用寿命。The labyrinth multi-stage pressure reducing valve has been widely used in high temperature and high pressure conditions due to its excellent depressurization performance and flow regulation ability.However,the valve is susceptible to cavitation,erosion and turbulence effects during long-term operation,resulting in the risk of erosion corrosion and structural failure on the wall.In this paper,the multi-stage depressurization characteristics and failure mechanism of the labyrinth channel are analyzed based on the numerical simulation method.The coupling relationship between turbulent energy dissipation,wall shear stress distribution and local flow field characteristics is revealed,and the high-risk failure area is identified.The results show that when the outlet pressure is lower than the critical value of 0.21 MPa,the cavitation phenomenon is significantly aggravated,and the cavitation damage is further induced.At the same time,high flow velocity and vortex effect significantly enhance the risk of erosion and corrosion on local walls.In view of these problems,this paper proposes a design strategy to optimize the outlet pressure,improve the geometric structure of the flow channel and improve the anti-erosion performance of the material,so as to effectively reduce the risk of equipment failure and prolong its service life.

关 键 词：迷宫式多级减压阀 空化现象 壁面冲刷与腐蚀 能量耗散 

分 类 号：TH134[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]