奴隶贸易与非洲国家建构——基于混合方法的实证考察  

Slave Trade and State-Building in Africa:A Mixed-Methods Study

作　　者：黄振乾 HUANG Zhenqian(the College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2025年第1期88-122,156,157,共37页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：中国农业大学人才培育发展支持计划的资助。

摘　　要：奴隶贸易是一道深刻的历史伤痕,对世界历史的发展产生了深远影响,尤其是对非洲国家的政治发展造成了巨大冲击。作者以政治信任为切入点,构建了一个关于奴隶贸易与国家建构的理论分析框架,探讨了奴隶贸易如何塑造非洲政治生态与国家建构进程问题。奴隶贸易作为一种外部冲击,通过奴隶经济的驱动,在非洲社会内部引发了连锁反应。组织化程度高的族群逐渐演变为掠夺性政体,以暴力获取奴隶来维持其统治。组织化程度低的族群则沦为被掠夺的对象,甚至被迫参与奴隶贸易。奴隶贸易加剧了非洲的社会冲突,也破坏了政治信任的社会基础,削弱了民众对政治权威的认可与信赖。奴隶贸易的负面影响延续至今,对非洲国家建构形成了严重制约。作者采用定量与定性相结合的方法对奴隶贸易与非洲国家建构的关系进行了分析。定量研究表明,在非洲历史上奴隶贸易强度高的族群地区,其民众当下的政治信任水平显著低于其他地区,这说明奴隶贸易对政治信任的影响具有长期性。定性研究主要通过四个案例揭示了奴隶贸易破坏政治信任的具体过程,表明奴隶贸易带来的历史创伤是非洲现代国家建构陷入困境的重要原因。这一发现为理解非洲国家建构的复杂性提供了一个具有解释力的理论视角,也为非洲国家通过重建政治信任推动国家建构提供了政策参考。The slave trade is a profound historical scar that has had far-reaching impacts on the development of world history, particularly on the political development of Africa.Through the lens of political trust, this paper constructs a theoretical framework to explore how the slave trade has shaped Africa's political ecology and state-building processes. As an external shock, the slave trade, driven by the slave economy, triggered a chain reaction within African societies. Highly organized ethnic groups gradually evolved into predatory regimes, using violence to capture slaves to sustain their rule. Meanwhile, less organized ethnic groups were plundered and even forced to participate in the slave trade. These dynamics exacerbated social conflicts, undermined the foundation of political trust, and weakened people's confidence in political authority in Africa. The negative effects have continued to hinder state-building in the continent. This paper employs a mixed-methods approach,combining quantitative and qualitative methods, to analyze the relationship between the slave trade and African state-building. The quantitative analysis shows that the current level of popular political trust in regions with historically high slave trade intensity is significantly lower than that in other regions, which indicates that the impact of slave trade on political trust has been perennial. The qualitative research, based on four case studies, reveals the specific processes of how the slave trade eroded political trust, illustrating that the historical trauma brought by the slave trade has been a crucial reason for the plight of modern statebuilding in Africa. This paper offers a new theoretical perspective for understanding the complexities of African state-building and presents policy references for African countries to promote state-building by restoring political trust.

关 键 词：奴隶贸易 国家建构 政治信任 混合方法 非洲研究 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]