道路、策略与特点:中国共产党早期工人运动的实践  

Approach,Strategies,and Key Features of the Early Labor Movement Led by the Communist Party of China

作　　者：黄岭峻[1] 邓朦 Huang Lingjun;Deng Meng

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2025年第1期43-60,M0004,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“马克思主义在中国工人群体中的传播与影响研究(1919—1949)”(19BKS003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国共产党在进入工人运动实践之初,即发现工人群体也存在某些局限。这便使其面临既要依靠工人,又要教育工人的难题。为推进工人运动,中国共产党突破清末以来的“道德救亡论”,在道路上以“革命”取代了“革心”。“革命”过程中,为了激发工人群体的阶级觉悟,中国共产党注重对“我们”和“他们”的划分。正是因为工人群体阶级觉悟尚需提升,中国共产党根据工人的需要和实践的节奏交相使用经济斗争和政治斗争。中国共产党早期工运的道路选择、策略实施及其呈现的特点,反映了中国共产党后来强调的理论联系实际的宝贵品质。When the CPC first organized the labor movement in China,it quickly realized that Chinese workers had their own limitations.This placed the Party in a difficult position,as it had to rely on the working class while simultaneously educating them.To advance the Chinese labor movement,the CPC distanced itself from the"Theory of National Salvation through Moral Improvement"that had gained prominence since the late Qing Dynasty,replacing the notion of"moral reform"with that of"revolution."In the process of"revolutionizing,"the CPC focused on raising class consciousness by exposing the divide between"us"and"them."Given that the class consciousness of Chinese workers was still underdeveloped,the CPC alternated between economic and political struggles,adapting to the needs of workers and the momentum of the labor movement.Thus,in the early stages of the labor movement,the CPC shifted its approach from advocating"moral reform"to promoting"revolution,"emphasized the distinction between"us"and"them"in its strategies,and facilitated a transition from economic struggle to political struggle.This experience became a precursor to the CPC's cherished principle of integrating theory with practice.

关 键 词：工人运动 革心 阶级觉悟 政治斗争 经济斗争 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学] D412[政治法律—中共党史]