从上海民生伞厂案看合伙习惯的挑战与境遇(1920—1926)  

A Case Study of the Debt Dispute Between Chinese and Foreign Merchants in the Ming Sung Umbrella Factory(1920-1926)

作　　者：张世慧 Zhang Shihui

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2025年第1期113-129,M0005,M0006,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：山东省高等学校“青创团队”计划“多元视角下的近代中国破产问题研究”(2022RW079);中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助项目“民国时期合伙商号破产后债务责任的转型与纠葛”(2023M742036)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：合伙商号破产后,合伙人担负何种债务责任,民国初年商业实践中存在较大分歧。在民生伞厂案中,华洋商人围绕合伙债务责任问题展开了激烈争论。双方焦点是大理院“连合分担”判例和商界“按股分担”习惯,孰具更高法律效力。该案引起商界、学界关注,最终大理院发布司法解释,承认习惯具有优先法律效力,“按股分担”习惯得以维系。从该案可见,20世纪20年代合伙习惯面临着内外双重挑战。从内部看,合伙经营业态变革打破了合伙人与债权人之间风险分担的均衡机制;从外部看,合伙习惯受到法律制度、司法变革及新经济势力的冲击。面临挑战,华商精英成为合伙习惯的维护者。对合伙习惯境遇的探讨,折射出本土习惯与新商业结构、法律秩序之间的张力和摩擦,有助于深化对中国近代商业制度变革的解读。In the early 20th century,the allocation of liability for partner debts following a partnership's bankruptcy presented a significant challenge in China.The Ming Sung Umbrella Factory case serves as a prime example.In this case,Chinese and foreign businessmen became embroiled in a heated dispute over the issue.At the heart of the case was the conflict between two legal principles:the Pro-Rata Liability principle,upheld by joint venture norms,and the Joint Liability principle,established by the Da Li Yuan's ruling.The central question was which legal principle should take precedence.Ultimately,the Da Li Yuan confirmed the primacy of the Pro-Rata Liability principle through a judicial interpretation.This case underscored the dual challenges facing joint venture norms in the 1920s.Internally,the shifting dynamics within joint ventures disrupted the delicate balance of risk-sharing between partners and creditors.Externally,these norms came under increasing pressure from a transforming legal system,judicial reforms,and emerging economic forces.In response to these challenges,Chinese merchant elites strongly defended joint venture norms.Analyzing their stance reveals the tension between traditional local business practices and the evolving commercial and legal frameworks of the time,providing valuable insight into the development of China's modern commercial system.

关 键 词：合伙 商事习惯 民生伞厂 债务清理 华洋纠纷 

分 类 号：F429[经济管理—产业经济] K261[历史地理—历史学] K262[历史地理—中国史]