民意何以汇聚:1946年上海《文汇报》时局问题测验探析  

Unraveling the Aggregation of Public Opinion:A Study of the 1946 Domestic Survey Conducted by Shanghai's Wen Wei Po

作　　者：陈宇晗 Chen Yuhan

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2025年第1期130-144,M0006,共16页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：1946年10月,上海《文汇报》副刊“读者的话”发起一次关于时局问题的民意测验,旨在征求读者对美军驻华和国共内战的看法。这次测验吸引了近两万人参与。《文汇报》秉持爱国立场,测验题目设计紧扣时局热点,测验结果明确表明:绝大多数参与者要求美军退出中国、国共停止内战。这次民意测验巩固和凝聚起反美军驻华、反内战的力量。民意的汇聚,不仅对国民党相关舆论宣传做出了有力反击,也对美国方面造成一定的舆论压力,还为中国共产党争取更广大民众的支持与认同奠定了基础。In October 1946,the Readers'Voices supplement of Shanghai's Wen Wei Po conducted a public opinion poll on the presence of U.S.troops in China and the ongoing civil war,attracting nearly 20,000 participants.The results revealed strong public sentiment:the overwhelming majority of respondents called for the withdrawal of U.S.troops and the cessation of the civil war.Several factors,including Wen Wei Po's prior promotional efforts for this survey,its longstanding political leanings,and the structure of the questionnaire and answer options,helped explain the poll's outcome.The poll's outcome strengthened the forces opposing both the U.S.military presence and the civil war,placing significant pressure on the United States through public opinion.In a volatile and rapidly changing political environment,both the Kuomintang(KMT)and the Communist Party of China(CPC)sought to leverage public opinion polls to their advantage in the struggle for dominance,positioning themselves as the true representatives of popular sentiment while rallying public support.This contestation was not only a continuation of political jockeying between the KMT and CPC,but also highlighted the growing importance of public opinion and its political significance in China at the time.

关 键 词：《文汇报》 民意测验 新闻传播史 

分 类 号：G21[文化科学—新闻学]