论1950年代台湾地区当局对中国内地的“关闭政策”  

On the“Port-Closure Policy”Implemented by Taiwan region Authorities in the 1950s

作　　者：曹群 贾丁 CAO Qun;JIA Ding

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院海洋安全与合作研究中心,北京100005

出　　处：《台湾研究集刊》2025年第1期56-79,共24页Taiwan Research Journal

摘　　要：败退台湾地区的国民党当局于1950年代以关闭港口为名义对中国内地沿海实施非法“封锁”。对于国民党当局的“关闭政策”,英美等国起初普遍反对或抗议,且多指出“关闭”与“封锁”无异。美国在朝鲜战争期间开始积极帮助台湾地区当局加强军事力量建设以强化“反共封锁”,并暗中提供驶往中国内地的苏联等国商船相关情报,以助台实施截捕。台湾地区当局对中国内地的“关闭/封锁”影响逐步减弱,1958年后在执行上明显“有心无力”。台湾地区当局海上武装力量在公海曾对包括西方国家商船在内的多国商船实施拦截、扣留或炮击,甚至纵容近似海盗行为的“游击私掠”,其行动违反相关国际法。After retreating to Taiwan region,the Kuomintang(KMT)authorities implemented an illegal“blockade”against the coastal areas of the Chinese mainland under the pretext of closing ports.Initially,countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States generally opposed or protested such“port-closure policy”,often pointing out that“closure”was indistinguishable from“blockade”.During the Korean War,the United States began actively assisting KMT authorities in bolstering their military capabilities to reinforce the“anti-Communist blockade”.Additionally,it covertly provided intelligence on merchant ships from the Soviet Union and other countries bound for the Chinese mainland to aid Taiwan authorities in intercepting and capturing these ships.The impact of the“closure/blockade”on the Chinese mainland gradually diminished,and after 1958,the Taiwan authorities were“willing but unable”to enforce the policy.The KMT maritime forces intercepted,detained,or shelled multiple merchant ships,including those from Western countries,on the high seas.Their“blockade operations”violated international laws and even condoned“guerrilla privateering”akin to piracy.

关 键 词：台湾问题 “关闭政策” 海上封锁 “陶普斯号事件” 航行自由 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]