消极元刻板印象诱发的敌意归因对驾驶员攻击行为的影响及其注意偏向特征  

Influence of Negative Stereotype-Induced Hostility Attribution on Driver Aggressive Behavior and Attentional Bias Characteristics

作　　者：崔毅 曹艺馨 李晔 卢扬 崔天慧 CUI Yi;CAO Yi-xin;LI Ye;LU Yang;CUI Tian-hui(The Rehabilitation and Convalescence Center of the Joint Logistic Support Force,People's Liberation Army,Dalian,Liaoning 116013,China;College of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Dalian Jiaotong University Technical College,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军联勤保障部队大连康复疗养中心,辽宁大连116013 [2]辽宁师范大学心理学院,辽宁大连116029 [3]大连交通技师学院(大连市交通口岸职业技术学校),辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第6期18-23,38,共7页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的消极元刻板印象在影响驾驶员攻击行为方面发挥着至关重要的作用,了解其影响机制可以有效预防驾驶员攻击行为。方法研究一招募了103名驾驶员,利用消极元刻板印象激活范式将其分为两组(威胁组、自由组)。使用WSAP-敌意量表测量驾驶员对敌意归因的倾向。通过对愤怒诱发视频材料的反应确定驾驶员的攻击倾向。研究二招募了80名驾驶员,并采用2(威胁组、自由组)×4(言语攻击、身体攻击、车辆攻击、无动于衷)混合设计眼动实验,探究不同组驾驶员的注意偏向特征。结果(1)研究一发现敌意归因在消极元刻板印象和驾驶员攻击行为之间具有中介效应。(2)研究二发现具有消极元刻板印象的驾驶员对“身体攻击”的总注视持续时间更长。结论具有消极元刻板印象的驾驶员倾向于将敌意归因于引发愤怒的情境,同时对身体攻击表现出更强的注意偏向。Objective Purpose:Negative stereotypes play a crucial role in influencing driver aggressive behavior,and understanding their mechanisms of influence can effectively prevent such behavior.Methods Study One recruited 103 drivers and divided them into two groups(threat group,neutral group)using a negative stereotype activation paradigm.The Hostility Attribution Scale(HAS)was employed to measure drivers'tendency to attribute hostility.Drivers'aggressive tendencies were determined through their reactions to anger-inducing video materials.Study Two recruited 80 drivers and utilized a 2(threat group,neutral group)×4(verbal aggression,physical aggression,vehicular aggression,neutral)mixed design eye-tracking experiment to explore attentional biases among drivers in different groups.Results(1)Study One found that hostility attribution fully mediated the relationship between negative stereotypes and driver aggressive behavior.(2)Study Two discovered that drivers with negative stereotypes exhibited longer total fixation duration towards“physical aggression”.Conclusion Drivers with negative stereotypes tend to attribute hostility to anger-inducing situations while displaying stronger attentional biases towards physical aggression.

关 键 词：交通安全工程 驾驶行为 消极元刻板印象 敌意归因 驾驶员攻击行为 注意偏向 交通心理 

分 类 号：TB18[一般工业技术]