低温环境下手指温度沿长度方向分布实验研究  

Experimental Study on Finger Temperature Distribution Along Length in A Cold Environment

作　　者：李怡珊 赵敬德[1] LI Yi-shan;ZHAO Jing-de(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第6期44-48,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的探讨短时间局部冷暴露对手指皮肤温度分布的影响。方法17名健康年轻人的右手在-20℃低温环境暴露8分钟,使用热电偶和红外热像仪记录皮肤温度,得到手指掌侧随时间的变化和沿长度的分布。结果一部分实验参与者右手中指指尖指腹处皮肤温度大幅降低,降温速度随着时间逐渐减缓;另一部分在8分钟时刻仍维持在20℃以上。参考一元一次方程和一元二次方程对第一类手指温度沿长度的分布实验数据进行拟合并对比,发现温度沿长度的分布更接近线性,但沿长度方向并非单调下降,而是阶梯形波浪状结构。结论手指生理解剖结构和血液灌注是造成该温度分布特征的主要原因,且血液在不同位置的传热作用有所差异。本研究为手指传热模型和传热机理研究提供实验数据参考。Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of a short-time cold exposure on finger skin temperature distribution.Methods The right hands of seventeen healthy young subjects were exposed to a cold environment(-20℃)for eight minutes.Thermocouples and an infrared thermal imager were used to record skin temperatures.The changes of the palmar sides of the fingers with time and the distributions along the length were obtained.Results The skin temperature changes with time of the fingertips of the right middle fingers could be divided into two categories.One was that the temperatures decreased significantly,and the cooling rates gradually slowed down with time.The other remained above 20℃at the 8-minute mark.The temperature distributions of the formers'right-hand fingers were fitted referring to the linear equation and the quadratic equation and then compared.It was found that the changes in skin temperatures on the palm sides of the fingers were near linear correlation.It was not monotonously decreasing but stepped wavy structure.Conclusion The physiological anatomy of fingers and blood perfusion were the main causes of the temperature distributions.The heat transfer effect of blood at different locations was different.This study provided experimental data reference for the research of the finger heat transfer model and heat transfer mechanism.

关 键 词：职业健康 劳动保护 低温环境 手指皮肤温度分布 局部冷暴露 手部热生理 实验数据拟合 

分 类 号：X968[环境科学与工程—安全科学]