爱资哈尔在当代埃及外交中的角色与作用(1952~2011年)  

The Role and Function of Al-Azhar in Contemporary Egyptian Diplomacy(1952-2011)

作　　者：刘中民[1] 李端雅 Liu Zhongmin;Li Duanya

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所 [2]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2025年第1期84-99,150,151,共18页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2023年上海外国语大学校级重大科研项目“当代中东国家对外关系史研究”(2023114005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：爱资哈尔作为以清真寺为基础、拥有庞大网络的宗教机构和学术教育机构,在当代埃及内政外交中扮演着重要角色。在外交领域,政府既利用爱资哈尔增强其外交政策的合法性,同时又对其进行控制,进而使双方既合作又斗争的关系贯穿于当代埃及外交的始终。但是,在不同历史时期,双方的关系又存在一定的差异。在纳赛尔时期,埃及政府奉行严格的政教分离政策,在世俗主义和阿拉伯民族主义占据主导地位的情况下,爱资哈尔成为官方伊斯兰的重要组成部分,并服务和配合埃及的对外政策。在萨达特时期,爱资哈尔继续为埃及外交政策提供宗教合法性,但由于萨达特的和平外交战略并未得到埃及国内和阿拉伯伊斯兰世界的广泛认可,爱资哈尔为政府辩护的行为也对其产生了一定的消极影响。在穆巴拉克时期,出于平衡伊斯兰激进势力的需要,爱资哈尔的自主权有所提高,并继续服务于埃及外交,为穆巴拉克进行的外交调整发挥了一定的作用。总之,在当代埃及外交中,尽管爱资哈尔在不同历史时期的地位和作用有所不同,但在埃及政教分离的总体框架下,爱资哈尔始终在埃及政府领导下扮演着外交服务者、支持者、配合者和补充者的角色。As a religious and academic educational institution based on mosques,and with a vast educational network,Al-Azhar plays an important role in contemporary Egyptian domestic and foreign affairs.In contemporary Egyptian diplomacy,the government not only uses Al-Azhar to enhance the legitimacy of its foreign policy,but also exercises control over it,thus leading to the relationship of cooperation and struggle between the two sides throughout contemporary Egyptian diplomacy.However,there are certain differences in their relationships between different historical periods.During the Nasser period,when the Egyptian government pursued a strict policy of separation of religion and politics,secularism and Arab nationalism were in a dominated position,Al-Azhar became an important part of official Islam and served and worked in line with Egypt’s foreign policy.During the Sadat period,Al-Azhar continued to provide religious legitimacy for Egypt’s foreign policy,but because Sadat’s peaceful diplomatic strategy was not widely recognized in Egypt and the Arab Islamic world,Al-Azhar’s behavior of defending the government also had certain negative influence on itself.During Mubarak’s time,the need to balance the radical Islamic forces increased Al-Azhar’s autonomy,in the meantime,Al-Azhar continued to serve Egyptian diplomacy,and played an important role in Mubarak’s diplomatic adjustments.In short,in contemporary Egyptian diplomacy,although the status and role of Al-Azhar is different in particular historical periods,Al-Azhar has always played the role of diplomatic service provider,supporter,cooperator and supplier under the overall framework of the separation of religion and politics under the leadership of the Egyptian government.

关 键 词：埃及外交 爱资哈尔 政教关系 伊斯兰 国家利益 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]