埃及农政转型缘何陷入困境:基于马克思主义视角的解读  

Why Egypt’s Agrarian Transition is in Trouble:An Analysis Based on Marxist Perspective

作　　者：陈勇 陈麟 Chen Yong;Chen Lin

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院马克思主义学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2025年第1期100-120,151,152,共23页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2023年度浙江省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心常规课题“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在中东的传播与影响研究”(23CCG09)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：农政问题是埃及农业发展的核心议题,农政转型成为该国实现农业现代化的重大任务。当代埃及的农政转型经历了从自主探索的阿拉伯社会主义模式到以欧美国家农政道路为模板的新自由主义模式的转向。新自由主义资本积累逻辑下的埃及农政转型,不仅未能提升农业劳动生产效率,还凸显资本原始积累过程中的农民生产主体性丧失、农村社会两极分化等问题。埃及农政转型遇困的制度根源在于,由西方资本与埃及大地主、农业资产阶级主导的,以剥削埃及农民、攫取农业剩余价值为目的新自由主义农政政策体系与制度框架。其主要内在机理是:西方资本诱导埃及违背资源禀赋发展出口导向型农业;寡头垄断市场扭曲埃及农业生产资源分配;政府削减投入和弱化监管导致埃及农民丧失抵抗国内外双重剥削的能力。埃及农政转型陷入困境的历史教训对于其他发展中国家探索实现农业现代化道路具有借鉴意义,即需遵循以人民为中心的逻辑理路,需独立自主地探索基于国情、农情的农政转型发展道路。Agrarian question is the core issue of Egypt’s modernization.The path of contemporary Egypt’s agrarian transition has changed from the Arab socialist mode of independent exploration to the neoliberal mode based on the agrarian transition path of European and American countries.Under the logic of neoliberal capital accumulation,Egypt’s agrarian transition not only failed to improve the efficiency of agricultural labor production,but also highlighted the problems such as the loss of farmers’production subjectivity and the polarization of rural society in the process of primitive capital accumulation.The institutional root cause of the trouble in Egypt’s agrarian transition is the neoliberal agricultural policy system and institutional framework.It is dominated by Western capital,Egyptian big landlords and agricultural bourgeoisie,with purpose of exploiting Egyptian farmers and seizing agricultural surplus value.The main internal mechanism is:Western capital induces Egypt to develop export-oriented agriculture in violation of resource endowment;the oligopoly market distorts the allocation of agricultural production resources in Egypt;government cutbacks and weak regulation have left Egyptian farmers vulnerable to both domestic and foreign exploitation.The historical lessons from the dilemma of Egypt’s agrarian transition can be used as a reference for other developing countries to explore the path of agricultural modernization.It is necessary to follow the people-centered logic path and independently explore the path of agrarian transition and development based on national conditions and agricultural conditions.

关 键 词：农政转型 埃及 农业现代化 马克思主义 新自由主义 

分 类 号：F341.1[经济管理—产业经济] A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D741.1[政治法律—政治学]