涉外法治视野下欧美补贴规则外溢的检视与中国镜鉴  

Externalization of EU and the U.S.Subsidy Rules-An Analysis from the Perspective of Foreign-Related Rule of Law and Lessons for China

作　　者：黄可而 Huang Ke'er

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2025年第1期204-220,共17页Global Law Review

基　　金：2024年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“关于欧美补贴规则问题研究”(24SFB3032)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在涉外法治建设进程中,推动国内规则国际化的规则外溢至为关键,而我国当前规则外溢效能相较欧美尚处下风,补贴规制即为范例。综观欧美补贴规则实践,欧盟倾向于借助市场力量与规范价值推动单边规则国际化,在外溢规则的同时输出欧洲价值观;基于政治经济实力背书,美国则通过小多边模式展开规则外溢,其更近于国际制度竞争的结果。究其逻辑,欧美在规则塑造阶段借由符号权力强化规则正当性,在规则扩散阶段通过场所转移推动规则单边化。我国参与新兴补贴规则塑造,除积极回应欧美补贴规则外溢外,个中关键还在于主动作为,扩大话语基础及制度经验。应在理念上呼吁价值协调与发展需要,在规范上关注规则协调与完善,在制度上重视非多边场合策略安排。In the process of establishing the foreign-related rule of law,China should not only actively participate in international rule-making but also deepen its international discourse and influence.This necessitates improving the quality of rule externalization in the making and proliferation of international rules,while also promoting the internationalization of domestic rules.However,as revealed through the issue of subsidy regulation,the effectiveness of China's rule externalization is currently far from satisfactory.The issue of subsidy regulation has been evolving in recent years.The EU and the U.S.,despite providing a great amount of subsidies,have been externalizing their subsidy rules to third countries,and even to the international level,exerting a significant influence on the making and proliferation of emerging subsidy rules.An examination of the subsidy rule practice by the EU and the U.S.shows that,with the design of the provisions,the EU leverages market forces and normative influence to internationalize its unilateral rules,simultaneously exporting the European values.Conversely,the U.S.,supported by its considerable political and economic strength,favors a minilateralistic approach where subsidy rule externalization is one of the outcomes of international institutional competition.Both economies actually share a strategic logic in the externalization of subsidy rules.That is,on the one hand,enhancing the legitimacy of rules through symbolic power at the rule-making stage,especially by emphasizing a'level playing field'in the emerging subsidy rules;and on the other hand,employing a forum-shifting strategy at the rule proliferation stage to promote the emerging subsidy rules at non-multilateral levels,while strengthening the two economies'discourse and institutional experience at the multilateral level,ultimately leading to unilateralism.In response,as China engages in the making of emerging subsidy rules,it should enhance the quality of rule externalization from the conceptual,normative,and institutiona

关 键 词：涉外法治 补贴规制 规则外溢 符号权力 布鲁塞尔效应 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]