基于MQTT协议区域自动气象站数据传输设计  

Design of Data Transmission for Regional Automatic Weather Station Based on MQTT Protocol

作　　者：徐远远 马赛飞 XU Yuanyuan;MA Saifei(Henan Meteorology Detection and Data Center,Zhengzhou 450003)

机构地区：[1]河南省气象探测数据中心,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象科技》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用技术研究基金项目(KM202310)资助。

摘　　要：目前各个厂家的区域自动气象站设备数据通信协议均基于UDP/TCP网络协议进行开发,这些通信协议在不稳定无线网络环境下运行情况均不甚理想。经统计,因不稳定无线网络环境造成的气象站故障约占区域自动气象站总故障的90%以上,因此本文基于物联网消息队列遥测传输协议(MQTT)设计一种能够适应不稳定无线网络区域自动气象站数据传输协议,同时对各型号区域自动气象站数据包进行统一化处理,减少数据包大小,有效解决因不稳定无线网络环境造成气象站故障较多的问题,实现了区域自动气象站数据传输的低网络开销和低网络依赖,提高数据传输及时率。The construction of automatic weather stations in encrypted areas and the arrangement of observation equipment at key flood control monitoring points enable real-time meteorological observation data at the minute level in the national and provincial data environments in real-time,and are widely used in the services of real monitoring,forecasting and early warning,realising the effective connection between observation and application.However,due to the fact that most regional automatic weather stations are deployed in the field,the imperfect observation environment leads to a high failure rate of the stations,which restricts the business application of observation data.Especially at the key time points of flood control,the abnormal network communication causes the meteorological monitoring data collected by these regional automatic weather stations to be unable to transmit normally,which impacts the deployment decision of flood control and disaster reduction.At present,the conventional meteorological observation station equipment data communication protocols are developed based on UDP and TCP,and the operation of these communication protocols is not ideal under the unstable network environment.According to statistics,the data communication failures of meteorological stations caused by the instability of wireless networks in the observation environment account for more than 90%of the total failures of conventional meteorological observation stations.Therefore,based on the Internet of Things message queue telemetry transmission protocol(MQTT),a data transmission protocol of regional automatic weather stations that can adapt to the unstable wireless network is designed,and the network disconnection and reconnection mechanism is designed.The communication module can respond to the unstable 4G/5G network in time.At the same time,the data packet can be uniformly processed,and a variety of data compression technologies are combined to reduce invalid data transmission,reduce network resource consumption,and reduce the siz

关 键 词：通信协议 区域自动气象站 MQTT 数据压缩 传输及时率 

分 类 号：P409[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]