基于局地气候分区的超大城市不同下垫面风热环境特征分析  

Characterization of Wind-Heat Environments in Megacities with Different Subsurface Based on Local Climate Zoning

作　　者：史辰 杜吴鹏[2] 王佳琳 张希 SHI Chen;DU Wupeng;WANG Jialin;ZHANG Xi(Beijing Haidian Meteorological Bureau,Beijing 100080;Beijing Climate Center,Beijing 100089;Beijing Haidian District Emergency Warning Information Release Center,Beijing 100080)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区气象局,北京100080 [2]北京市气候中心,北京100089 [3]北京市海淀区突发事件预警信息发布中心,北京100080

出　　处：《气象科技》2025年第1期35-46,共12页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市气象局科技项目(BMBKJ202003015)资助。

摘　　要：为厘清不同下垫面类型城市风、热环境异质特征,利用北京海淀区微型智慧气象站和同区域风廓线雷达高空风观测资料,基于局地气候分区法,分析了不同下垫面对城市街区局地风场和气温的特征差异。结果表明:①6类地块平均风速随下垫面粗糙度增大而减小。城区站点相较于临近山体的站点,综合了城市建筑、绿地、水体等环境,缓冲了局地风速突变。建筑占地面积比率越大、天空开阔度越小、不透水面比率越高,对高层背景风的阻挡作用越显著。建筑密度低或建筑物分布与盛行风向相平行,对低层风有促进作用。②临近水体环境的开阔高层建筑地块平均气温在春、夏、秋季的夜间增温效应显著,且水体面积越大,增温越显著。高密度林区造成局地降温平均1.5℃,19:00至次日01:00气温偏差超过2℃。低层密集地块平均气温日较差10℃,凸显了局地城市热岛增温效应和公园冷岛降温效应的相互影响,白天热岛明显强于冷岛,夜间以冷岛降温为主。本文研究成果可为后续超大城市规划、气候环境评估提供研究基础。In order to clarify the heterogeneous characteristics of urban wind and thermal environments of different subsurface types,this paper analyses the characteristic differences of different subsurfaces on the local wind field and air temperature of urban blocks based on the method named Local Climate Zone by using the miniature intelligent meteorological station in Haidian District,Beijing,and the wind profile radar high-altitude wind observation data in the same region.The results show that:(1)The average wind speed of the six types of sites decreases with the increase of the roughness of the subsurface.The urban sites integrate urban buildings,green areas,water bodies and other environments to buffer sudden changes in local wind speeds compared to the sites adjacent to mountains.The larger the ratio of building footprints around the site,the smaller the sky openness,and the higher the ratio of impervious surfaces,the more significant the blocking effect of the environment on low-level wind speeds over the site.The wind speed obstruction effect is significant and the intensity of obstruction is highest for the LCZ 3.Low building density or building distribution parallel to the prevailing wind direction contributes to low-level winds.(2)During the daytime in all seasons,the temperature of LCZ 3 and LCZ 2 is higher,which highlights the influence of the local heat island effect on the increase of temperature;the average temperature of LCZ 4 near the water environment has a significant temperature increase effect during the nighttime in the spring,summer,and autumn,and the greater the area of the water body,the more significant the increase in temperature.At night in autumn and winter,the heat storage and exotherm of the impermeable subsurface of LCZ 6 exacerbate the local heat build-up and inhibit the cooling trend.Using LCZ 8 as a reference,LCZ A causes localised cooling averaging 1.5℃,with the largest temperature deviation of more than 2℃from 19:00 to 01:00 the following day.The average daily difference in tempe

关 键 词：超大城市 微型智慧气象站 气温 风 微环境观测 

分 类 号：P463.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]