农村社区居家养老:设施覆盖与服务享受——基于31个省(市、区)调查数据的分析  

Rural Community Home-based Elderly Care:Facility Coverage and Service Enjoyment——Analysis Based on Survey Data of 31 Provinces(Cities and Municipalities)

作　　者：董子越 高宏鑫 杨翠迎[1] DONG Ziyue;GAO Hongxin;YANG Cuiying(The School of Public Economics&Administration,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433;School of Vehicle Engineering,Xi’an Aeronautical University,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200433 [2]西安航空学院车辆工程学院,西安710077

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期33-44,共12页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD114);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CXJJ-2024-358)。

摘　　要：农村社区居家养老是养老服务体系的重要组成部分,实现其地域覆盖与人人享有是养老服务高质量发展的终极目标。基于我国31个省(市、区)老年人问卷调查数据,参照我国社区居家养老服务政策目标和建设要求,考察了农村地区社区居家养老的设施覆盖与服务享受状况。研究发现,总体上我国农村社区居家养老服务设施覆盖度和服务享受度已分别达到62.6%和77.8%,实现了“十三五”规划期设定的阶段性目标,但与“十四五”规划期设定的全覆盖目标尚存在较大差距,在发展中还存在城乡区域发展不均衡、政策试点地区发展不平衡、老年人个体福利不均等、内部结构发展不平衡等问题。为此,需要加强顶层设计,向薄弱地区倾斜政策和资金;统筹养老服务政策,推进全覆盖;注重高质量型养老设施建设与服务供给,满足老年人高质量养老需要;基于多维特征,实现全体老人精准保障。Rural community home-based elderly care is an important part of the elderly care service system,and realizing its geographical coverage and enjoyment by all is the ultimate goal of the high-quality development of elderly care services.This study is based on the questionnaire survey data of elderly people in 31 provinces(cities and municipalities)across the country,and with reference to the policy objectives and construction requirements of China’s community home-based elderly services,we examined the status of facility coverage and service enjoyment of community home-based elderly care in rural areas.The study found that in general,the coverage of rural community home-based elderly service facilities and the degree of service enjoyment have reached 62.6%and 77.8%respectively,realizing the phased goals of the 13th Five-year Plan,but there is still a large gap between this and the goal of full coverage under the 14th Five-year Plan.In the course of development,there are still problems such as uneven development of urban and rural areas,uneven development of policy pilot areas,unequal individual welfare for elderly people,and uneven development of internal structures.To that end,there is a need to strengthen top-level design and tilt policies and fund towards weak areas;to coordinate policies on elderly services and promote full coverage;to focus on the construction of high-quality elderly facilities and the provision of services to meet the high-quality needs of the elderly people;and to realize precise protection for all elderly people based on multidimensional characteristics.

关 键 词：农村地区 社区居家养老 设施覆盖 服务享受 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]