美国稀土产业链重构的动因及对中国的挑战  

The cause for US to restruct its rare earth industry chain and the challenge faced by China

作　　者：叶前林 李佳欣 汪畅 曾庆根 卢红 YE Qianlin;LI Jiaxin;WANG Chang;ZENG Qinggen;LU Hong(Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals Industry Development,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Business,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学有色金属产业发展研究院,赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学商学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《科技导报》2025年第1期157-167,共11页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BGL218)。

摘　　要：考察美国力推稀土产业链重构的深层动因及最新动态,是确保中国稀土全球战略竞争优势和产业链安全的关键。通过分析美国稀土产业链重构的动因、进展及对中国的挑战,发现美国对中国稀土进口高度依赖、稀土关切上升至国家安全、美国国内稀土强劲消费需求和对中国政策全面转向竞争构成了美国加速稀土产业链重构的动因。目前,美国在稀土资源本土开发与保护、冶炼分离加工布局、高端材料及应用技术创新等全产业链领域的重构成效明显,对中国稀土产业链的全球影响力、中美战略竞争博弈下的抵御经济制裁能力、高端稀土技术创新的外部环境和国际稀土合作的战略空间等方面带来严峻挑战。为此,提出了中国应从提升稀土产业综合竞争力、优化稀土产业结构与布局、提高稀土高端技术应用水平和加强稀土全球化战略布局等方面采取举措,以增强抗衡美国对中国“脱钩”的主动权,抢占稀土“卡脖子”技术制高点,实现从稀土大国向稀土强国目标转变。To understand the deep motivation and latest developments of the US efforts to restruct the rare earth industry chain is the key to ensuring China's global strategic competitive advantage and industrial chain security.Through analyzing the cause and progress of the US rare earth industry chain restructuring and the challenges to China,this study points out that the US high dependency on China's rare earth imports has risen to national security concern and the US domestic rare earth consumption and the overall policy shift to competition with China constitute the motivation for US to accelerate the rare earth industry chain restructuring.At present,the US has achieved remarkable results in restructuring the entire industrial chain in the fields of local development and protection of rare earth resources,smelting,separation and processing layout,high-end materials and application technology innovation.It has brought severe challenge to China's rare earth industry chain in terms of global influence,the ability to resist economic sanctions under the Sino-US strategic competition game,the external environment for high-end rare earth technology innovation,and the strategic space for international rare earth cooperation.The paper also suggests that China should take measures to enhance its comprehensive competitiveness in rare earth industry,optimize the structure and layout of rare earth industry,improve application level of high-end rare earth technology,and strengthen the strategic layout of rare earth globalization,so as to strengthen the initiative to counter the US's"decoupling from China",seize the commanding height of rare earth technology,and realize the goal of transforming from a rare earth country into a rare earth power.

关 键 词：稀土产业链 产业链重构 产业链安全 

分 类 号：F471.2[经济管理—产业经济] F426