泸定地震典型底商多层建筑震害与机理分析  

Earthquake Damage and Mechanism Analysis on Multi-story Buildings in the Luding Earthquake

作　　者：董策 郭迅[2] 罗若帆 张钦哲 董孝曜 张俊 王波[2] DONG Ce;GUO Xun;LUO Ruo-fan;ZHANG Qin-zhe;DONG Xiao-yao;ZHANG Jun;WANG Bo(Institute of Geophysics,CEA,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Disaster Prevention,Key Laboratory of Building Collapse Mechanism and Disaster Prevention,China Earthquake Administration,Sanhe 065201,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;School of Civil Engineering,Jiaying University,Meizhou 514015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081 [2]防灾科技学院中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室,三河065201 [3]中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [4]嘉应学院土木工程学院,梅州514015

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第5期2049-2056,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：地震科技星火计划攻关项目(XH23064A);国家自然科学基金(52278489)。

摘　　要：为了探讨2022年9月5日四川省泸定县6.8级地震震中大量底商多层建筑严重破坏或倒塌。选取代表正反两方面的5栋有代表性的建筑,通过理论基础和模型实验进行震害机理剖析。结果表明:震害主要集中在底层,而底层由混凝土柱和砌体墙混搭而成。横向不开洞的砌体墙约束了结构横向及扭转变形,楼板只沿纵向平动,各构件分担的地震剪力与其纵向抗侧刚度成比例。刚度大的硬脆构件将出现“内力凝聚”,进而达到“变形饱和”,以脆性破坏的方式丧失承重能力,此时上部各层的重力转由横墙承担。如果此时地震还未停止,横墙因在出平面方向失去“扶壁”作用,结构整体将沿纵向触地倒塌。相反,底层的构造如果避免刚度的过大差异,就可显著提升抗震能力。In September 5,2022,a M6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County Sichuan Province.Quite a lot of store-front type buildings damaged or collapsed.Five representative buildings representing both positive and negative aspects were selected to analyze the earthquake damage mechanism through theoretical basis and model experiment.The results show that the earthquake damage is mainly concentrated in the bottom layer,which is composed of concrete column and masonry wall.The masonry wall with no lateral openings restrains the transverse and torsional deformation of the structure,and the floor only transports along the longitudinal direction,and the seismic shear force shared by each member is proportional to its longitudinal lateral stiffness.The rigid and brittle members with large stiffness will appear“internal force condensation”,and then reach“deformation saturation”,and lose the load-bearing capacity in the way of brittle failure,and the gravity of the upper layers will be borne by the transverse wall.If the earthquake does not stop at this time,the transverse wall will lose the role of“buttress”in the direction of exit plane,and the whole structure will collapse along the longitudinal contact with the ground.On the contrary,if the structure of the bottom layer avoids large differences in stiffness,it can significantly improve the seismic resistance.

关 键 词：泸定地震 底商建筑 震害机理 内力凝聚 变形饱和 

分 类 号：TU398[建筑科学—结构工程]