火源位置影响冷通道封闭数据中心烟气扩散规律  

Influence of Fire Source Location on Smoke Diffusion in Closed Cold Channel of Data Center

作　　者：贾可 史波波[1,2,3] 龙海帆 JIA Ke;SHI Bo-bo;LONG Hai-fan(Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Institute of Mine Safety Technology,Beijing 100012,China;Meng NIU HI-TECH Dairy(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室,徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室,徐州221116 [3]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012 [4]蒙牛高科乳制品(北京)有限责任公司,北京101107

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第5期2168-2174,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52474262,52234006);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211585)。

摘　　要：冷通道封闭系统凭借其降温效率与成本方面的优势,越来越多地被应用于新型数据中心建设之中。由于封闭通道通风受限,一旦发生火灾,热烟气难以及时排出,会严重威胁数据中心设备及人员的安全,但目前数据中心常用线缆的火灾危险性缺乏实验数据和理论依据。利用Pyrosim软件构建冷封闭通道数据中心机房全尺寸物理模型,基于火灾动力学模拟器(fire dynamics simulator,FDS)数值模拟软件建立全尺寸火灾模型,模拟分析不同火源位置对烟气蔓延、能见度以及温度等火灾参数变化规律的影响。结果表明:当活动地板下方发生火灾,即最大热释放速率达到2000 kW时,烟气在机房空调风流与活动地板的影响下会比机柜起火更快充满整个机房,安全出口测点处能见度低于10 m的时间比机柜内侧着火早60 s;同时受空调风流与穿孔瓷砖影响,机柜内侧温度快速达到临界值,火灾危险性更大。研究成果可为冷通道封闭数据中心消防系统设计提供理论支撑。With its advantages in cooling efficiency and cost,the cold channel closed system is more and more used in the construction of new data centers.However,the closed channel system will turn the originally open channels between data center cabinets into narrow spaces with restricted ventilation.When the main combustibles in the data center catch fire,the accumulated hot smoke and gas in the closed channel cannot be timely discharged,seriously threatening the safety of data center equipment and personnel.At present,there is a paucity of experimental data and theoretical basis for the fire hazard of cables commonly used in data centres.Pyrosim software was used to establish a full-size physical model of the data center room in the cold closed channel,and fire dynamics simulator(FDS)software was used to establish a full-size fire model to simulate different fire source locations,so as to analyze the changes of fire parameters such as smoke spread rate,visibility and temperature distribution.The results show that when a fire occurs under the floor(maximum heat release rate reaches 2000 kW),the smoke would fill the whole machine room more quickly due to the influence of the special air conditioning airflow and floor than the cabinet fire.The visibility at the safety exit measuring point reached 0 m,60 s earlier than the fire at the inside of the cabinet.At the same time,affected by the air conditioning airflow and perforated tiles,the temperature at the inside of the cabinet quickly reaches the critical value where the fire hazard is much greater.The results could provide important theoretical support for the fire protection system design of the cold channel of closed data center.

关 键 词：数据中心 冷通道封闭 数值模拟 烟气蔓延 FDS 

分 类 号：X934[环境科学与工程—安全科学]