明代里甲户籍结构与基层社会控制——以《嘉靖泉州府永春县保甲文册》为中心  

Lijia System and Grass-Roots Society Control in the Ming Dynasty: A Case Study of Yongchun County's Baojia Book from the Jiajing Period

作　　者：杜钰婷 Du Yuting

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第1期53-63,共11页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“明清时代的契约与契约社会研究”(项目号:22AZS011)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本京都大学所藏的《嘉靖泉州府永春县保甲文册》是认识官府通过保甲登记加强对里甲编户、屯军与流寓人口管理的珍贵文书。结合族谱记载,可知它大致形成于嘉靖四十年(1561)上半年,记载了永春县西部7个都(里)884户家庭在里甲组织中的隶属情况,登记的里甲户名都可追溯到真实人员,包括实在人名和“姓氏-在世宗亲字讳”式的半虚拟姓名两种。虽然其时里甲户籍多由宗族控制,但通过保甲手段,官府对隐藏在里甲总户之后的家庭仍有大致了解,可较清楚地梳理出与里长异籍、大多数是异姓群体关系的甲首户,以及与里长或甲首同族、同籍的户丁户,及其包含的家庭、户主。招住、移住等流寓人口和屯军,大多不在里甲登记之中,但与里甲编户保持一定的关系,也大致登录在保甲文册中。Yongchun County's Baojia Book, currently held by Kyoto University in Japan, is a valuable document for studying the Ming dynasty government's efforts to strengthen management of Lijia households, Tunjun and non-natives. With the help of genealogies, it can be deduced that the Baojia Book, compiled in the first half of 1561, records the memberships of 884 families from 7 Du in Lijia system. The names of Lijia households included both real names and semi-virtual names, which can be traced back to specific individuals. While most Lijia households were under the control of lineages, the government clearly distinguished Jiashou households whose households didn't match their Lizhang, and Huding households whose households matched their Lizhang or Jiashou, as well as the families and households cotained within them, through Baojia registration. Although the majority of Zhaozhu, Yizhu and Tunjun outside the Lijia system maintained relationships to a certain extent, they were registered in the Baojia Book.

关 键 词：明代 永春县 里甲户籍 基层社会控制 保甲文册 

分 类 号：D69[政治法律—政治学]