官斗制与清代重庆场镇庙市合一格局的形成  

The Formation of the “Temple-Market Integration” Pattern in Chongqing during Qing Dynasty and the System of Guandou

作　　者：陈鹏飞 Chen Pengfei

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院,芜湖241002

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第1期111-119,共9页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：在清代重庆乡村地区各大场镇中,通常呈现出庙市合一的格局,这与官斗制的实施密不可分。清初米粮交易中的种种乱象催生了官斗制,即绅董与僧道以庙宇为依托,以保障差费征收和维系祀典为名控制官斗,统一度量衡。所有交易成交后需经官斗衡量并抽分,以作地方公费和祭祀香火之用。庙宇由此成为商品交易的主体之一,是官府维护市场秩序、汲取财政资源的主要依靠,从而与市场高度融合。清代后期,部分场镇中绅董与僧道围绕市场控制权的争夺日益激烈,随着僧道势力逐渐被驱逐,庙宇乃至市场的支配权日渐集中于绅董之手。In the rural areas of Chongqing in the Qing Dynasty, the phenomenon of “Temple-Market Integration” was prevailed in market-towns, this is closely related to the system of Guandou(官斗制). In the early Qing dynasty, the confusions in grain trade gave birth to the method of the system of Guandou, that is, the local elites and the monks and Taoists controlled Guandou in the name of maintaining sacrificial ceremonies, unified weights and measures, Unify weights and measures. All transactions need to be measured by the Guandou after being closed, and take extractions for local public fees and incense sacrifice fees. As a result, the temple has become one of the main participants in the grain trade, also the main basis for the local government to maintaining the market order and draw financial resources. It contributes to the high integration of the temples and the market. In the late Qing dynasty, the competition for market control between the local elites and the monks and Taoists in some market-towns s became increasingly intense. As the influence of the monks and Taoists gradually waned, the control of temples and even markets became increasingly concentrated in the hands of the local elites.

关 键 词：重庆 场镇 米市 官斗制 庙宇 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]