银两与制钱之间:晚清芜湖的外国银元、米价与米粮贸易  

Among Taels and Legal Cash: The Foreign Silver, Rice Price, and Rice Trade in Wuhu Society in Late Qing Period

作　　者：朱戈辉 Zhu Gehui

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学历史系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第1期120-138,共19页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“历史人类学的近代城市史研究”(批准号:22JJD770064)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代复杂的银钱流通结构是探究中国社会生活、经济形态变迁的重要切入点。19世纪中后期芜湖米价背后存在着一个广泛使用且认可本洋(西班牙银元,Carolus Dollars)的通货环境,本洋在米粮贸易以及赋税缴纳中存在极高信用,使其市场价值始终高于金属价值。随着芜湖口岸贸易的扩张,庞大的米粮贸易更加巩固了民众对本洋的兑换需求,进而继续推高本洋市价。稳定且持续升值的货币,缓冲了芜湖因银贱钱贵导致的物价上升的影响,芜湖米价相对稳定且低廉,最终使芜湖成为晚清最具优势的米粮贸易中心。本文旨在结合过往学界关注的物价长期变化和银钱比价变化的研究,同时借鉴小额货币多样化且在地化的货币流通属性,从本洋入手,分析芜湖米价的变化过程,讨论本洋在清末白银贬值的大环境下对区域贸易、物价、金融的影响。希望通过这一案例为研究晚清中国通货环境、通货制度转型过程提供更多的探讨空间。The complex monetary structure is an essential angle, in terms of agriculture, trade and even regime reform, to explore the changes in the development of Chinese society and economy. This article focuses on the Carolus silver dollars, characterized by its much higher market value than intrinsic value, which basically constituted the currency environment in Wuhu society in late 19~(th) century. With the increasingly flourished rice trade, the trade-involved people's demand for Carolus dollars was much strengthened so that the dollar price was even pushed up. Under the macro environment of silver depreciation at the late 19~(th) century, the rice price settled by Carolus dollars was less affected due to the local society's passion to keep the high market value of this currency. Eventually Wuhu became the most advantageous rice trade center with the relatively low and stable rice price. This article aims to combine the previously research models, regarding secular price changes and silver-copper cash price changes, with growing concerns about the diversity and localization of fractional currency like copper cash to conduct an academic analysis from the angle of this highly localized Carolus silver dollars. The analysis regarding the influence of Carolus dollars drawing on the rice price, local business trade and currency environment, which is hoped to provide more discussion towards the transformation process of Chinese currency environment and currency system in late Qing era.

关 键 词：芜湖 米价 西班牙银元 墨西哥银元 米粮贸易 

分 类 号：F82[经济管理—财政学]