美国对华贸易保护的收益与损失研究——以近代中美蛋品贸易为中心的考察  

A Study on the Benefits and Losses of US Trade Protection Against China ——An Investigation Focusing on the Modern Sino-US Egg Trade

作　　者：张跃 杨振子 Zhang Yue;Yang Zhenzi

机构地区：[1]宁波大学宁波帮研究中心,宁波315211 [2]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,宁波315211 [3]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,武汉430079

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2025年第1期150-167,共18页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“全球背景下中外资蛋品企业跨国竞争研究(1923—1949)”(批准号:20BZS096)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪上半叶,美国不断提高蛋品关税,给中国蛋品业发展带来了深刻影响。美国养鸡业及相关行业认为中国蛋品冲击了美国市场,在他们的不断呼吁下,美国不断提高蛋品关税。20世纪20年代关税的提高使美国鲜蛋在需求旺盛的市场上保持高价,给美国养鸡业带来了丰厚回报,促进了美国养鸡业的发展。30年代关税进一步提高,使中国输美蛋品大幅减少,在美国鲜蛋因大萧条影响而价格低落时,美国干蛋业获得了一定程度的发展。美国对中国蛋品不断提高关税,虽保护了本国养鸡业和相关行业的发展,却是以广大美商和美国消费者损失沉重为代价的。In the early 1900s, the United States consistently increased tariffs on eggs, which had a significant impact on the advancement of China's egg industry. The US chicken farming and related industriesbelieved that Chinese eggs were effect on the US market. they lobbied persistently for the introduction of higher tariffs on eggs. The rise in tariffs during the 1920s maintained a high price for US eggs in a market with strong demand, resulting in substantial profits for the US chicken farming industry and furthering its growth. In the 1930s, the implementation of further tariff increases resulted in a notable decline in the volume of Chinese egg exports to the United States. Despite the depressed price of fresh eggs in the United States due to the effects of the Great Depression, the American dried egg industry achieved a certain degree of development. In a word, The United States has continuously increased tariffs on Chinese egg products, which has protected the development of its chicken farming and related industries, but at the cost of heavy losses for American businesses and consumers.

关 键 词：贸易保护 蛋品贸易 中美贸易 

分 类 号：F757.12[经济管理—国际贸易] F752.7[经济管理—产业经济] F323.7