基于客流分布特征的长线路公交优化  

Optimization of Long-term Bus Route Based on Passenger Flow Distribution Characteristics

作　　者：金慧 王佳 崔晶 JIN Hui;WANG Jia;CUI Jing(School of Automotive Engineering,Lanzhou Institute of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州工业学院汽车工程学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《汽车实用技术》2025年第4期150-154,共5页Automobile Applied Technology

基　　金：甘肃省教育科学规划“党的二十大精神阐释”专题研究【GS(2023)GHB0038】;甘肃省教育厅创新能力提升项目(2025B-248)。

摘　　要：合理的公交线路不仅能提升乘客的出行便利度,而且能提升城市交通运行效率。针对兰州市公交长线路存在的运行时间长、部分站点客流过大、重复线路多等问题,文章以兰州市K102路长线路公交为例,首先,从客流和乘客站立密度两方面研究长线路客流分布特征,得出了拥堵原因。其次,基于K102路在客流分布上呈现“单峰型”的特点,采用拆分优化方案,K102A路西侧拆分站点是东立奥特莱斯广场站,拆分后平均乘客站立密度降低了54.7%。K102B路东侧拆分站点是西站什字站,拆分后平均乘客站立密度降低了59.8%,拆分后线路非直线系数从1.6分别下降到1.35和1.30。该措施改善了运行时间长和部分站点客流过大的问题,提高了公交线路的运行效率。Reasonable bus routes can not only improve the travel convenience of passengers,but also improve the efficiency of urban traffic.Addressing issues such as long operation times,excessive passenger flow at some stops,and redundant routes in Lanzhou's long public transit lines,this paper uses Lanzhou's K102 long-route bus as an example.It first studies the characteristics of passenger flow distribution along long routes from the perspectives of passenger flow and standing density,identifying the causes of congestion.Secondly,based on the unimodal distribution of passenger flow on the K102 route,an optimization plan is proposed.For K102A,the western split point is Dongli Outlet Square station,resulting in a 54.7%reduction in the average passenger standing density after splitting.For K102B,the eastern split point is West Station Intersection,leading to a 59.8%reduction in average passenger standing density after splitting.After the splits,the route's non-linearity coefficient decreased from 1.6 to 1.35 and 1.30,respectively.This improvement addresses issues of long operation times and excessive passenger flow at certain stops,thereby enhancing the operational efficiency of the bus route.

关 键 词：公交客流特征 长线路拆分 乘客站立密度 非直线系数 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]