日本关键矿产战略及其对中国的影响  

Japan’s Critical Minerals Strategy and Its Implications for China

作　　者：束必铨[1] SHU Biquan

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院国际问题研究所

出　　处：《国际问题研究》2025年第1期118-136,142,共20页International Studies

摘　　要：在全球能源转型与新兴产业变革背景下,关键矿产成为国家资源安全保障重点和大国地缘政治博弈的新领域。日本政府将关键矿产提升至经济安全高度,制定完善本国关键矿产战略,围绕矿产供应链在国内外进行相关布局,打造具有韧性的供应链,确保矿产资源供给安全。这主要源于全球关键矿产态势、日本对于矿产安全认知与发展需求的变化。日本将中国定性为战略竞争对手,其关键矿产战略的实施,也影响到中日矿产关系、中国矿产治理模式与供给安全等方面。然而,日本关键矿产战略实施过程中也面临诸多局限。中国需要巩固在关键矿产供应链中的竞争优势,提升关键矿产国际规则制定话语权,开展资源外交探讨构建互利共赢的矿业经贸合作模式,建立健全风险识别预警机制等,规避日本关键矿产战略实施的消极影响。Against the backdrop of the global energy transition and the transformation of emerging industries,critical minerals have become the focus of national resource security and geopolitical competition among major powers.The Japanese government has elevated critical minerals to the height of economic security,formulated and improved its own critical minerals strategy,and build its mineral supply chain at home and abroad to create a resilient supply chain,and ensure the security of mineral resources supply.This is mainly driven by changes in the global critical minerals situation,Japan’s minerals security perception and its development demands.Japan characterizes China as a strategic competitor,and the implementation of its critical minerals strategy also affects bilateral mineral relations,China’s minerals governance model and its supply chain security.However,Japan’s critical minerals strategy also faces many limitations.China needs to consolidate its competitive advantage in the supply chain,enhance its discourse in international rule-making,carry out resource diplomacy to explore a mutually beneficial and win-win model of economic and trade cooperation,and establish a sound mechanism for risk identification and early warning to circumvent the negative impacts of Japan’s critical minerals strategy.

关 键 词：关键矿产 经济安全 供应链 中日关系 

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