帽儿山天然硬阔叶林发育阶段划分及林分结构特征  

Development stage division and stand structure characteristics of natural hard broadleaved forest in Maor Mountain,Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China

作　　者：张凌峰 刘兆刚[1] 董灵波[1] Zhang Lingfeng;Liu Zhaogang;Dong Lingbo(School of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management of Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2025年第2期10-22,共13页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200502)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析帽儿山硬阔叶林发育阶段及林分结构特征,明确不同阶段的林分指标变化,为天然次生林的生长预测及多功能可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】以黑龙江省帽儿山实验林场的天然硬阔叶林为研究对象,利用TWINSPAN双向指示种分类法、种间联结-聚类分析法和判别分析法对硬阔叶林发育阶段进行划分;从年龄结构、直径结构和物种多样性等方面选取林分指标,分析不同发育阶段的林分结构特征;通过熵权法-AHP法,结合林木稳定性、目的树种多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数等11个参数,构建阶段划分综合指数。【结果】帽儿山天然硬阔叶林的生长发育过程可划分为建群阶段、竞争生长阶段和近自然林阶段。在不同发育阶段,年龄结构呈增长型,直径结构总体呈反“J”型,物种组成丰富且保持相对稳定。基于划分的3个发育阶段,结合选取的11个参数,划分了综合指数划分发育阶段的范围。【结论】TWINSPAN双向指示种分类法能有效划分帽儿山天然硬阔叶林的发育阶段,并揭示不同阶段的年龄结构、直径结构和物种多样性特征,为该研究区域制定针对性的经营措施提供了参考依据。[Objective] This paper analyzes the development stages and stand structure characteristics of hard broadleaved forest in Maor Mountain,Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China,identifies stand index changes at different stages,and provides scientific basis for the growth prediction and multifunctional sustainable management of natural secondary forests.[Method] Taking the natural hard broadleaved forest of Maor Mountain Experimental Forest Farm in Heilongjiang Province as the research object,we used TWINSPAN bidirectional indicator species analysis method,interspecific linkage cluster analysis method,and discriminant analysis method to divide the development stages of hard broadleaved forests;selected different forest stand indicators from the aspects of age structure,diameter structure and tree species diversity,and analyzed the structural characteristics of stands at different developmental stages;and 11parameters,including forest stability,target tree species diversity index and simpson diversity index,were combined through entropy weight method-AHP method,and a phased composite index was constructed.[Result] The development process of natural hard broadleaved forest in Maor Mountain can be divided into group establishment stage,competition growth stage and near natural forest stage.At different stages,the age structure shows an increasing pattern,while the diameter structure generally shows an anti J-shaped pattern and the species composition is rich and relatively stable.Based on the three developmental stages,combined with the selected 11 parameters,the range of developmental stages divided by composite index F was given.[Conclusion] The TWINSPAN classification method can effectively divide the developmental stages of natural hard broadleaved forests in Maor Mountain,and reveal the characteristics of their age structure,diameter structure,and species diversity at different stages.It provides a reference for the development targeted management measures in the study area.

关 键 词：发育阶段划分 TWINSPAN 种间联结 判别分析 林分结构特征 

分 类 号：S758.5[农业科学—森林经理学]