机构地区:[1]太原师范学院生物科学与技术学院,山西晋中030619 [2]汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室,山西晋中030619 [3]山西工程技术学院,山西阳泉045000
出 处:《北京林业大学学报》2025年第2期66-78,共13页Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基 金:山西省基础研究计划(202303021212251);山西省三区科技人才支持计划;河北省土传病害绿色绿色防控技术创新中心项目(Z2023Z01)。
摘 要:【目的】杨棒盘孢菌引起的灰斑病是杨树生产上重要的真菌病害。测定病菌对杀菌剂的敏感性,旨在为筛选高效杀菌剂及复配药剂,防治杨树灰斑病提供数据支持。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定杨棒盘孢菌对5种杀菌剂(多菌灵、代森锰锌、戊唑醇、百菌清、咪鲜胺)和3类复配剂(戊唑醇+百菌清、多菌灵+百菌清、多菌灵+咪鲜胺)的敏感性,并通过显微镜观察药剂作用后病菌菌丝和孢子萌发的形态变化。【结果】5种杀菌剂中,戊唑醇对病菌菌丝生长抑制作用最强(有效抑制中浓度EC_(50)为0.025μg/mL),多菌灵次之(EC_(50)为0.048μg/mL)。百菌清对分生孢子萌发抑制作用最强(EC_(50)为95.13μg/mL),咪鲜胺次之(EC_(50)为100.67μg/mL)。复配剂中,多菌灵∶咪鲜胺(4∶1)对病菌菌丝生长的抑菌活性最强,EC_(50)为0.038μg/mL,共毒系数(C_(CT))值150.75,两者表现为增效作用;戊唑醇∶百菌清(1∶4)对分生孢子萌发抑菌活性最强(EC_(50)为132.31μg/mL),C_(CT)值83.72,两者表现为相加作用。显微观察显示,戊唑醇处理后,菌丝生长缓慢、表面粗糙,分支处膨大,不产孢;分生孢子不萌发或出现分支,芽管从孢子顶端、基部或中间多个部位产生,顶端轻微肿胀且不伸长。【结论】戊唑醇搭配百菌清或咪鲜胺,多菌灵∶咪鲜胺(4∶1)搭配百菌清或咪鲜胺使用是防治杨树灰斑病的推荐方案,药剂间应交叉使用,以延缓病菌产生抗药性。[Objective]Poplar gray leaf spot caused by Coryneum populinum is an important fungal disease of poplar.Evaluating the susceptibility of C.populinum to fungicides will provide data support for the screening of high-efficiency fungicides and compounds for the prevention and control of poplar gray leaf spot.[Method]The susceptibility of C.populinum to 5 fungicides (carbendazim,mancozeb,tebuconazole chlorothalonil and prochloraz) and 3 compounds (tebuconazole∶chlorothalonil,carbendazim∶chlorothalonil and carbendazim∶prochloraz) was determined by mycelium growth rate method and spore germination method,and the microscopic morphology of mycelium and spore germination were observed[Result]Tebuconazole and carbendazim had the strongest inhibitory effect on mycelial growth with EC_(50)(median effect concentration) of 0.025 and 0.048μg/mL,respectively.Chlorothalonil and prochloraz were the strongest inhibitor to spore germination with EC50 of 95.13 and 100.67μg/mL,respectively.The compounds of carbendazim∶prochloraz (4∶1) had a synergistic effect with co-toxicity coefficient (C_(CT)) of150.75,and the most virulent with EC_(50) value of 0.038μg/mL to mycelial growth.The compounds of tebuconazole∶chlorothalonil (1∶4) had an additive effect with C_(CT) of 83.72,and the most virulent with EC_(50) value of 132.31μg/mL to spore germination.The hyphal surface of C.populinum became rough with enlarged branches after tebuconazole treated.The conidial germination was severely malformed with branching or without germination.Germ tubes were produced from the top,base or middle sites of conidia The top of germ tubes was slightly swollen or without elongation.[Conclusion]The combination of tebuconazole with chlorothalonil or prochloraz,and carbendazim∶prochloraz (4∶1) with chlorothalonil or prochloraz were recommended agents for preventing poplar gray spot.Alternate use of fungicides could delay the development of pathogen resistance.
关 键 词:杨棒盘孢菌 杀菌剂 敏感性 复配剂 增效 灰斑病
分 类 号:S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学]
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