黄淮海地区粮豆轮作下大豆单产提升技术路径  

Technical path for increasing soybean yield under giain soybean rotation in the Huang Huai Hai region

作　　者：蔡合军 翟兰勤 申庆航 曹建桥 CAI Hejun;ZHAI Lanqin;SHEN Qinghang;CAO Jianqiao(Jiaxiang County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Jiaxiang 272400,China;Jining National Agricultural Science and Technology Park(Jiaxiang Park)Construction and Development Service Center,Jiaxiang 272400,China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Mengguji Town,Jiaxiang County,Jiaxiang 272400,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉祥县农业技术推广服务中心,山东嘉祥272400 [2]济宁国家农业科技园区(嘉祥园区)建设发展服务中心,山东嘉祥272400 [3]嘉祥县孟姑集镇农业综合服务中心,山东嘉祥272400

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第4期16-19,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：粮豆轮作具有培肥地力、防治病虫害和提高种植效益等优势。本文基于黄淮海地区粮豆轮作生产实践,总结分析了其大豆单产提升技术路径。包括深耕深松,以消除土壤板结,增加土壤透气性;选择产量高、品质优、抗倒伏能力强且宜机械化收获的大豆品种;采用精甲·咯·嘧菌等药剂拌种,以促进大豆苗壮,降低苗期病虫害发生概率;依据大豆品种特性、土壤肥力及气候条件确定种植密度,播种时保证种子分布均匀;适时浇好“三水”(播种水、开花结荚水和鼓粒水),以调节田间小气候,改善通风透光性;以控氮、稳磷和增钾为原则,合理施用基肥、种肥和追肥;根据田间虫害发生特点,采用农业防治、物理防治和化学防治等措施综合防治点蜂缘蝽、蚜虫和烟粉虱等虫害;考虑地形地貌、土壤条件等,选择脱粒、分离和清选性能好的收割机适时收获。本文为进一步扩大大豆种植面积,提高大豆产量提供参考。Grain soybean rotation has advantages such as improving soil fertility,preventing and controlling diseases and pests,and enhancing planting efficiency.Based on the practice of grain soybean rotation production in the Huang Huai Hai region,the technical path for increasing soybean yield was summarized and analyzed.Including deepplowing and deep-loosening to eliminate soil compaction and increase soil permeability.Select soybean varieties with high-yield,excellent-quality,strong lodging resistance,and suitable for mechanized harvesting.Use pesticides such as azoxystrobin for seed mixing to promote soybean seedling strength and reduce the probability of disease and pest occurrence during the seedling stage.Determine planting density based on soybean variety characteristics,soil fertility,and climatic conditions,and ensure even seed distribution during sowing.Timely water the “3 types of water”(sowing water,flowering and pod setting water,and grain filling water) to regulate the microclimate in the field and improve ventilation and transparency;reasonably apply base fertilizer,seed fertilizer,and topdressing based on the principles of controlling nitrogen,stabilizing phosphorus,and increasing potassium;based on the characteristics of pest infestations in the field,comprehensive prevention and control measures such as agricultural control,physical control,and chemical control should be taken to prevent and control pests such as bee edge bugs,aphids,and whiteflies.Consider terrain,soil conditions,etc.,choose harvesters with good threshing,separation,and cleaning performance for timely harvesting.This article provides references for expanding soybean planting area and increasing soybean yield.

关 键 词：大豆 粮豆轮作 深耕深松 机械化收获 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]