松嫩平原丹顶鹤适宜生境分布变化研究  

Research on the distribution changes of suitable habitat for red-crowned cranes in the Songnen Plain

作　　者：郭俞杉 GUO Yushan(Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第4期55-59,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为了解环境变量对松嫩平原丹顶鹤分布情况的影响,本文使用168个丹顶鹤出现点分布数据和年平均气温等12个环境变量,采用BIOMOD2软件包组建组合模型,探讨影响该动物分布的主要环境变量,利用ArcGIS 10.8软件预测其潜在分布区在当前和未来气候情景条件下的空间分布格局。结果表明,6种最优单一模型(FDA、GBM、GLM、MARS、MAXENT和RF)构建的组合模型相比单一模型预测精度更高,效果较好;影响丹顶鹤分布的主要环境变量是最湿月降水量、离湖泊坑塘距离、离耕地距离、栖息地类型、离道路距离、气温季节性变动系数、离居民地距离和离河流距离;松嫩平原丹顶鹤主要分布于松嫩平原西部,最适生区为扎龙湿地保护区、向海自然保护区和莫莫格自然保护区;在未来气候变化下,丹顶鹤适生区整体分布格局基本保持不变,但其适生区面积有所减少。研究为松嫩平原等相关地区丹顶鹤生态保护提供参考。To understand the impact of environmental variables on the distribution of red-crowned cranes in Songnen Plain,168 red-crowned cranes' occurrence point distribution data and 12 environmental variables such as annual average temperature were selected,and BIOMOD2 software package was used to build a combined model to explore the main environmental variables affecting the distribution of this animal.ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to predict the spatial distribution pattern of the potential distribution area of red-crowned cranes in Songnen Plain under current and future climate scenarios.The results showed that the combined model constructed by 6 optimal single models(FDA,GBM,GLM,MARS,MAXENT and RF) had higher prediction accuracy and better effect than the single model.The main environmental variables affecting the distribution of red-crowned cranes were precipitation in the wettest month,distance from lakes and ponds,distance from cultivated land,habitat type,distance from roads,temperature seasonal variation coefficient,distance from residential land,and distance from rivers.Red-crowned cranes were mainly distributed in the west of Songnen Plain,and the most suitable areas were Zhalong Wetland Reserve,Xianghai Nature Reserve and Momoge Nature Reserve.Under future climate change,the overall distribution pattern of the habitat area of red-crowned cranes will remain unchanged,but the area of the habitat area will be reduced.The study provides references for ecological protection of red-crowned cranes in Songnen Plain and related areas.

关 键 词：适宜生境 丹顶鹤 集成物种分布模型 松嫩平原 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]