河南“7·20”暴雨洪水影响下黄河口水文特征变化  

Variations of hydrological characteristics off the Yellow River Estuary induced by the“7·20”rainstorm flood in Henan Province

作　　者：徐禾禾 刘夙睿 陈健斌 王厚杰[1,4] 毕乃双[1,4] 俞永庆[5] 王亚梅 吴晓[1,4] XU Hehe;LIU Surui;CHEN Jianbin;WANG Houjie;BI Naishuang;YU Yongqing;WANG Yamei;WU Xiao(College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Lijin Hydrological Station of Shandong Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau Yellow River Commission,Dongying 257000,China;Administration Center of the Yellow River Delta Sustainable Development Institute of Shandong Province,Dongying 257000,China;Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 261000,China;Shengli Oilfield Branch of SINOPEC,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,青岛266100 [2]黄河水利委员会山东水文水资源局利津水文站,东营257000 [3]山东省黄河三角洲可持续发展研究院,东营257000 [4]中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [5]中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司,东营257000

出　　处：《海洋地质前沿》2025年第2期78-91,共14页Marine Geology Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(42330407);山东省杰出青年基金项目(ZR2024JQ016);山东省泰山学者项目(TSQN202211054);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2022KJ045);东营市市校合作项目(SXHZ-2024-02-5)。

摘　　要：在全球变暖的背景下,以暴雨洪水为代表的极端天气事件的频率和强度显著增加。暴雨洪水不仅对人类社会和自然环境产生深远的影响,还极易改变陆源物质向海输送通量,引起水沙扩散格局的变化,对河口演变至关重要。2021年7月17—23日,河南省郑州市及其周边地区遭遇特大暴雨事件,在黄河下游形成了为期1周的暴雨洪水事件。本文通过实测资料,结合卫星遥感手段,探讨了洪水前、洪水初期、洪水后期和洪水后的黄河口水文特征、水体层化结构与动力机制。结果表明:暴雨洪水期间利津站的日均径流量为1.95×10^(8)m^(3),输沙量为1.58×10^(6)t,分别是洪水前、后的2.71倍和9.38倍;由于高流量持续时间与洪水周期均短于调水调沙的调水阶段,因此本次暴雨洪水的入海水沙通量略低于调水阶段;暴雨洪水注入导致黄河口的浊度和盐度在洪水期间发生了显著变化,浊度的最高值和高浊度范围明显变大,冲淡水呈NW—SE向向外海扩张,但在潮流切变锋等因素的影响下,泥沙在河口近岸迅速沉积,扩散范围远小于冲淡水;与人工洪水相比,暴雨洪水对河口盐度的影响相对较小,羽流扩散范围较为局限,泥沙扩散范围与人工洪水差异较小,符合潮流切变峰阻隔下入海泥沙的沉降范围;洪水的汇入还造成了河口地区较高程度的水体层化,水体浮力频率最高可达到0.1 s−2以上,与洪水后的浮力频率值有着量级上的差异。The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as extreme rainstorm floods have been increasing significantly with the global warming.Rainstorm floods could not only have profound impacts on both human society and the natural environment,but also change the fluxes of terrestrial materials to the sea,causing the diffusion path and range of water flow and sediment,which is very significant for the evolution of estuaries.An extraordinary rainstorm event occurred in Zhengzhou,Henan on July 17-23,2021,causing severe flooding in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.Based on measurement data and satellite remote sensing,we discussed the hydrological characteristics,stratification structure,and dynamic mechanism of the Yellow River Estuary before and after the flood and in the early and late stages.Results show that the average daily runoff at Lijin station was 1.95×10^(8)m^(3)and the sediment transport amounted to 1.58×10^(6)t during the flood,which is 2.71 times and 9.38 times of that in non-flood period,respectively.Since the duration of high flow and flood cycle were shorter than those during the period of the water-sediment regulation scheme(WSRS),the runoff and sediment flux into the sea during this rainstorm flood is slightly lower than that of the WSRS.Moreover,the turbidity and salinity of the Yellow River estuary changed significantly during the flood,which were associated with the enormous water and sediment discharge of the Yellow River.The turbidity increased obviously and the range of high turbidity zone became wider.In addition,diluted water expanded to the surface to the northwest and southeast directions.However,sediments were blocked by the tidal shear front near the coast,which narrowed the diffusion range of sediments significantly.Compared with artificial floods,the impact of rainstorm flood on estuarine salinity was relatively small,the plume diffusion range was relatively limited,and the sediment diffusion range was less different from that of artificial flood,which is in line with t

关 键 词：暴雨洪水 黄河口 泥沙扩散 冲淡水 层化 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]