润滑油对电驱桥功率损失影响的试验研究  

Test study on the effect of lubricants on E-axle power loss

作　　者：刘宏威[1] 孔卓 闫书法 郝丽娜 魏江龙 施茜[1] LIU Hongwei;KONG Zhuo;YAN Shufa;HAO Lina;WEI Jianglong;SHI Qian(Automotive Research Institute,China National Heavy Duty Truck Group,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国重型汽车集团有限公司汽车研究总院,济南250101

出　　处：《机械传动》2025年第2期111-117,共7页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

摘　　要：【目的】电驱桥的典型输入转速为12 000~22 000 r/min,但现有研究工作基本以传统内燃机使用的变速箱、驱动桥等齿轮传动装置为研究对象,运行工况的差异将导致功率损失影响规律的差异,同时现有研究也未对搅油损失、不同传动级损失进行分类分析。基于以上问题,针对某轻型商用车用高速电驱桥,开展不同油品、油温、油位等条件下的功率损失试验。【方法】基于台架试验,研究了润滑油对某电驱桥功率损失的影响规律,分析润滑油配方、油温及油量因素对驱动系统传动效率的影响规律。【结果】结果表明,工作条件、润滑油配方、油温和油位对电驱桥的功率损失影响显着;在电驱桥常用工作条件下,空载功率损失占总功率损失的比例超过80%,其中,输入高速级功率损失占比超过80%;使用合适的润滑油配方、降低润滑油加油量和维持合适的润滑油温度,是降低电驱桥功率损失的有效措施,效率提升潜力分别达到1.04%、3.90%和1.60%。研究结果可为电驱桥传动效率的提升提供参考。[Objective]The typical input speed of the electric drive axle is 12000-22000 r/min,but the existing research work basically focuses on the gearbox,drive axle and other gear transmission devices used in traditional internal combustion engines.The difference in operating conditions will lead to the difference in the impact law of power loss.At the same time,the existing research has not classified and analyzed the oil mixing loss and the loss of different transmission levels.Based on the above issues,power loss tests were conducted on a high-speed electric drive axle for a certain light commercial vehicle under different oil types,oil temperatures,oil levels,and other conditions.[Methods]Based on bench tests,this article studied the influence of lubricating oil on the power loss of a certain electric drive bridge,and analyzed the influence of lubricating oil formula,oil temperature,and oil quantity factors on the transmission efficiency of the drive system.[Results]The test results show that the E-axle power loss is significantly influenced byoperating conditions,oil formulations,oil temperatures,and oil levels.Under nominal operating conditions of the E-axle,the no-load power loss accounts for more than 80%of the total power loss,of which the first stage component accounts for more than 80%of the no-load power loss.Selecting appropriate lubricant formulas,reducing the oil level,and adjusting the oil temperature are effective measures for power loss reduction,with a potential efficiency improvement of more than 1.04%,3.90%,and 1.60%,respectively.The achieved results can be utilized to improve the E-axle.

关 键 词：功率损失 润滑油 电驱桥 台架试验 搅油损失 

分 类 号：TH132.41[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]