长牡蛎壳橙快速生长品系生长存活比较及遗传参数评估  

Comparison of growth,survival and evaluation of genetic parameters in the rapid-growth strain of the orange shell Crassostrea gigas

作　　者：杜利杰 徐成勋 李琪[1,2] DU Lijie;XU Chengxun;LI Qi(Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术中心,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第1期124-134,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家贝类产业技术体系专项(CARS-49);山东省农业良种工程项目(2021LZGC027,2022LZGCQY010)。

摘　　要：【目的】培育生长性能优良、抗逆性强的牡蛎新品种。【方法】本研究以经过连续3代群体选育的长牡蛎壳橙快速生长(简称“橙快”)品系为亲本,采用巢式设计构建了11个半同胞家系和28个全同胞家系,同时将未经选育的野生个体建立对照组家系,评估橙快家系在不同日龄的生长和存活性状。【结果】在幼虫阶段,橙快长牡蛎家系的生长和存活率均高于对照组,壳高和存活率均值分别提高12.40%~23.70%和1.52%~13.98%;在稚贝阶段,橙快家系的壳高和存活率均值相比对照组分别提高5.62%~10.74%和2.34%~2.80%,在稚贝存活率上的改良还有待提高。生长和存活性状在不同家系间表现出了显著差异,其中G14和G23家系在生长和存活率上均有较大优势。同时,分别对橙快长牡蛎幼虫期与稚贝期壳高和壳长的遗传参数进行了评估,壳高和壳长的遗传力分别为0.41±0.07~0.76±0.12、0.50±0.10~0.82±0.09,均属于中高遗传力;且不同日龄壳高和壳长的遗传相关和表型相关均为正相关,相关系数分别为0.95~0.99、0.28~0.75。【结论】橙快长牡蛎的生长性状具有良好选育潜力且可以进行间接选育。本研究结果为培育生长性能优良和存活率高的橙快长牡蛎新品系提供了基础资料。The Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,is a globally important aquaculture shellfish species.In recent years,it has faced challenges such as germplasm degradation and high mortality rates.Both China and international communities are actively working to cultivate new oyster varieties with superior growth performance and robust stress resistance.In this study,we constructed 11 half-sib families and 28 full-sib families using a nested design from rapid-growth strain of the orange shell C.gigas that had been mass-selected over three consecutive generations.Concurrently,wild individuals were used to establish control families to assess the growth and survival traits of the rapid-growth families of the orange shell C.gigas at different ages.The results indicated that during the larval stage,the growth and survival rates of the oyster families were higher than those of the control group,with average shell height and survival rates increasing by 12.40%-23.70%and 1.52%-13.98%,respectively.In the juvenile stage,compared with the control group,the shell height and survival rates of these families increased by 5.62%-10.74% and 2.34%-2.80%,respectively.However,further improvements in the survival rates of juvenile shellfish are needed.Significant differences were observed in growth and survival traits among different families(P<0.05),with families G14 and G23 showing greater advantages in growth and survival.Additionally,we evaluated the genetic parameters of shell height and shell length.The heritability of shell height and shell length ranged from(0.41±0.07)-(0.76±0.12)and(0.50±0.10)-(0.82±0.09),respectively,indicating medium and high heritability.The genetic and phenotypic correlations of shell height and shell length at different ages were positive,with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.95-0.99 and 0.28-0.75,respectively.This suggests that the growth traits of orange C.gigas have good breeding potential and can be selected indirectly.The fingdings of this study provided fundamental data for the development of the

关 键 词：长牡蛎 壳橙 家系选育 生长存活 遗传参数 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]