辽西地区玉米农田土壤水分消退特征及其预测模型研究  

Research on characteristics of soil moisture recession and the development of predictive models for corn fields in western Liaoning province

作　　者：张兵兵 吕晓 高莉莉 高全 吴航 梁涛 鲁宇超 张方敏[4] 蔡福[1] ZHANG Bingbing;LV Xiao;GAO Lili;GAO Quan;WU Hang;LIANG Tao;LU Yuchao;ZHANG Fangmin;CAI Fu(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administrations,Shenyang 110166,China;Jinzhou Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center,Jinzhou 121000,China;Dongjiang River Basin Administration of Guangdong Province,Huizhou 516000,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]锦州市生态与农业气象中心,辽宁锦州121000 [3]广东省东江流域管理局,广东广州516000 [4]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2024年第6期62-69,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41775110、41975149);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC1807262);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所联合开放基金(2021SYIAEKFZD05、2021SYIAEKFMS37)共同资助。

摘　　要：选用2021年辽宁西部地区玉米农田3种质地土壤(中壤土、沙壤土和粘土)的不同降水量级(小雨、中雨、大雨)连续7 d、7 d后隔日0~50 cm土壤相对湿度资料,分析该地区玉米生长期不同降水量级、不同质地土壤水分消退特性和不同土层深度土壤水分消退系数(K)的变化特征,构建土壤水分预报模型。结果表明:辽宁西部地区玉米农田土壤水分消退过程可分为快速消退、缓慢消退、滞缓消退3个阶段,3种质地土壤快速消退阶段的平均消退速率为7.21 mm·d^(-1),其中,粘土的快速消退速率较其他土质高9%~12%,各土质缓慢消退速率及滞缓消退速率差异不明显。浅层(10~20 cm)K值明显小于其他土层,且离散程度最大,强降雨量级的50 cm土层K值波动幅度明显增大。K值与降水量为显著的负相关关系(R=-0.92)。相同降雨量级条件下,粘土的K值小于中壤土和沙壤土,偏小12%~20%。K值月变化为3月最大、8月最小,11月末回升至较大值。基于土壤水分平衡方程构建的土壤水分消退模型,小雨量级的模拟精度最好,浅层土壤的模拟结果好于深层。Three types of soil textures(loam,sandy loam,and clay)from corn fields in western Liaoning province in 2021 were selected,along with different precipitation levels(light rain,moderate rain,and heavy rain)for continuous 7 days and every other day for 7 days after that.The relative soil moisture data for 0~50 cm depth was collected.The characteristics of soil moisture recession for different precipitation levels,soil textures,and soil depth recession coefficients(K)during the corn growing season in this region were analyzed,and a soil moisture prediction model was constructed.The results show that the soil moisture recession process in corn fields of western Liaoning can be divided into three stages:rapid recession,slow recession,and stagnant recession.The average recession rate during the rapid recession stage for the three soil textures was 7.21 mm·d^(-1),with clay soil having a 9%-12%higher rapid recession rate than other soil textures.There were no significant differences in the slow recession and stagnant recession rates among different soil textures.The K value of the shallow layer(10~20 cm)was significantly smaller than other soil layers and had the largest dispersion.The fluctuation range of K values in the 50 cm soil layer increased significantly under heavy rainfall conditions.There was a significant negative correlation between K values and precipitation(R=-0.92).Under the same rainfall level,the K value of clay soil was 12%-20%lower than that of loam and sandy loam.The monthly variation of K values showed the highest in March,lowest in late August,and rebounded to a relatively high value in late November.Based on the soil moisture balance equation,a soil moisture recession model was constructed.The simulation accuracy was best for light rain levels,and the simulation results for shallow soil layers were better than those for deep layers.

关 键 词：降水量级 土壤质地 消退速率 土壤水分平衡方程 

分 类 号：P426.68[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]