某核电厂取水口海域声学散射特征及其应用研究  

Research on Acoustic Scattering Characteristics and Their Applications in the Marine Environment of the Nuclear Power Plant’s Intake Area

作　　者：鲁超 孙伟 王洪波 郑腾飞 郭玉臣 程宏 郑碧琪 刘炜 Lu Chao;Sun Wei;Wang Hongbo;Zheng Tengfei;Guo Yuchen;Cheng Hong;Zheng Biqi;Liu Wei(Ningde Marine Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Ningde 352100,China;Key laboratory of Ma-rine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shanghai 201206,China;Fujian Ningde Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Fuding 355200,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部宁德海洋中心,宁德352000 [2]自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海200137 [3]福建宁德核电有限公司,福鼎355200

出　　处：《核安全》2025年第1期73-85,共13页Nuclear Safety

摘　　要：为提前应对海洋生物冷源堵塞问题,本文采用数字回声探测仪在某核电厂取水口海域开展海洋生物定点声学监测,通过分析声学散射变化特征,结合拦截打捞数据,开展海洋生物监测预警研究。监测结果表明,该海域声学散射随目标强度(TS)变化呈现高斯正态分布,反向体积散射系数(Sv)呈现明显的季节立体变化特征。春季Sv快速增长,5月Sv达到最大值(平均4.37×10^(-6)m^(2)·m^(-3));夏季在高位波动,7月Sv次之(平均3.55×10^(-6)m^(2)·m^(-3));秋冬季Sv较低。Sv表层最大并向底层指数级下降,5月存在显著的3波次Sv高峰期,7月存在一批次Sv高峰期。通过分析认为,小型风险海洋生物入侵时刻可结合SV立体变化趋势确定,5月、7月下旬为本文监测期间主要风险期。为提高海洋生物监测预警准确率,建议增加水下光学摄像机、高分辨率成像声呐,充分利用频差技术和宽带技术等。In order to proactively respond to the problem of water intake blockage by marine organisms,a fixed-point acoustic monitoring of marine organisms was conducted in the marine environment of the nuclear power plant’s intake area using the digital echo sounder.Through analyzing the characteristics of acoustic scattering changes and combining with interception and salvage data,research on marine organism monitoring and early warning was conducted.The monitoring results indicated that the acoustic scattering presented a Gaussian normal distribution with changes in target strength(TS),and the reverse volume scattering coefficient(Sv)exhibited obvious seasonal and vertical changes.In spring,Sv increased rapidly,reaching its maximum value in May(average 4.37×10^(-6)m^(2)·m^(-3));in summer,Sv fluctuated at a high level,with the second-highest Sv occurring in July(average 3.55×10^(-6)m^(2)·m^(-3));in autumn and winter,Sv was lower.Sv peaked at the surface and decreased exponentially towards the bottom,with three waves of Sv peaks in May and one batch of Sv peaks in July.After analysis,it is concluded that the timing of the invasion of small,risk-posing marine organisms can be determined by considering the three-dimensional variation trend of Sv.Specifically,the late May and late July periods are identified as the main risk periods during the monitoring period in this study.To improve the accuracy of marine biological monitoring and early warning,it is recommended to increase the use of underwater optical cameras,high-frequency imaging sonar,and to fully utilize dB-differencing method and wide band technology.

关 键 词：核电厂取水口海域 海洋生物 定点声学监测 声学散射特征 声学预警 

分 类 号：O427[理学—声学]