水资源税和水权交易的工业节水效应比较——基于流域异质性视角  

Industrial water-saving effect of water resource tax and water rights trading:A perspective from the heterogeneity of river basin

作　　者：姜明栋 陈一楹 于欣鑫 卢迅 毋泽鹏 JIANG Mingdong;CHEN Yiying;YU Xinxin;LU Xun;WU Zepeng(Department of Public Administration,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;School of Ecology&Environment,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;School of Business,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100;College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学公共管理系,南京211189 [2]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433 [3]中国人民大学生态环境学院,北京100872 [4]河海大学商学院,南京211100 [5]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2025年第2期161-171,共11页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(23BGL317);国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD060);中国水利经济研究会资助课题(CSWEZZ2024-04);国家自然科学基金项目(42171277)资助。

摘　　要：水资源是支撑经济社会发展的基本要素,科学制定水经济政策是提高水资源利用效率、应对水资源短缺困境的必由之路。对此,基于中国的水资源税改革和水权交易试点政策构建倾向得分匹配的双重差分模型(PSM-DID),采用黄河及长江流域城市面板数据实证考察水资源税和水权交易两类典型水经济政策的工业节水效果及其在不同流域的差异化表现。研究结果表明:水资源税改革试点政策仅对长江流域城市工业用水发挥抑制作用,而在黄河流域,仅水权交易试点政策发挥工业节水效应。上述结果通过了平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验以及改变数据空间尺度等一系列稳健性检验。调节效应研究结果显示,高耗水行业生产规模较大的地区水资源税改革的节水效果更强,而数字经济发展则有助于增强水权交易试点的工业节水效果。进一步研究发现,两类水经济政策在促进工业水资源节约的同时均未对工业经济发展造成明显的负面冲击,且黄河流域的水权交易政策还发挥着工业废水减排的环境效应。由此建议,重点推进以长江流域为代表的丰水地区水资源税改革政策;在以黄河流域为代表的缺水地区,加快构建全覆盖水权交易平台;此外,应加快推进数字孪生流域建设,释放数据价值,服务水经济政策高效实施。Department of Public Administration,Southeast University;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University;School of Ecology&Environment,Renmin University of China;School of Business,Hohai University;College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University;Water resources are essential for supporting economic and social development,and scientifically formulating water economic policies is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of water resource utilization and addressing the challenge of water scarcity.Therefor,we construct a PSM-DID model based on the China's pilot policy reforms in water resource tax and water rights trading,using the panel data of cities in the Yangtze and Yellow River Basins,to empirically examine the industrial water-saving effects of two typical water economic policies,namely water resource tax and water rights trading,and their differentiated performance in different river basins.The results indicate that water resource tax reform only restrains the industrial water consumption within the Yangtze River basin,while in the Yellow River basin,only the pilot policy of water rights trading demonstrates industrial water conservation effects.The above results have been validated through a series of robustness tests,including parallel trend tests,placebo tests,and changes in data spatial scale.Research on moderating effects find that regions with large-scale production in high water-consuming industries experience stronger water-saving effects from water resource tax reforms.Additionally,the development of the digital economy contributes to enhancing the industrial water-saving effects of water rights trading pilot programs.Further analysis reveals that neither two types of water economic policy significantly negatively impact the industrial economic development.Additionally,the water rights trading policy in the Yellow River basin has a synergistic environmental effect on industrial wastewater reduction.Based on the above analysis,we propose some suggestions:prioritizi

关 键 词：水权交易 水资源税 工业节水效应 流域异质性 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]