大白菜-甘蓝易位系重要叶片性状遗传模式分析  

Genetic pattern analysis of important leaf traits in the Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line

作　　者：任晓静 张明月 刘远铭 崔菲菲 宋玥 李丹丹 王彦华[1] 申书兴[1] REN Xiaojing;ZHANG Mingyue;LIU Yuanming;CUI Feifei;SONG Yue;LI Dandan;WANG Yanhua;SHEN Shuxing(State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Hebei/Green and Effi cient Vegetable Industry Collaborative Innovation Center in Hebei/College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室/河北省绿色高效蔬菜产业协同创新中心/河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2025年第1期35-44,共10页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31930098,32172560);河北省自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(C2020204063);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326311D-2).

摘　　要：大白菜是我国重要的蔬菜作物,叶片是大白菜重要的产量和品质器官。为探明叶片相关性状的遗传规律,本研究以叶片相关性状差异明显的大白菜-甘蓝易位系qdh-225(35-10)(P_(1))和油用型小白菜Yellow sarson(16-67)(P_(2))为亲本配置杂交组合并构建B_(1)、B_(2)、F_(2)群体,采用数量性状的主基因+多基因遗传模型分析方法对大白菜的叶长、叶宽、中肋长、中肋宽和中肋厚等5个数量性状进行遗传模型分析。结果表明:叶片相关性状(叶长、宽,中肋长、宽、厚)在分离群体中表现出明显的数量性状特征。除叶宽的最优遗传模型为PG-ADI(加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型)外,大白菜叶长、中肋长、中肋宽、中肋厚均受1~2对主基因+加性多基因混合遗传模型控制,即叶长、中肋长、中肋宽和中肋厚的最优模型是MX1-AD-ADI、MX2-ADI-ADI,MX2-ADI-AD、MX2-A-AD。其中,控制叶长的1对主基因的遗传以加性效应为主,且在B_(2)和F_(2)群体中均以主基因遗传为主;叶宽在B_(2)群体中以多基因遗传为主,其多基因遗传率高达76.7655%。叶片中肋长、中肋宽和中肋厚均受2对主基因控制,主要表现为主基因效应,但也受一定的环境影响。由此可见,从遗传效应信息分析,大白菜叶片宽的主基因遗传较低,应在晚代进行性状改良,叶片长、中肋长及中肋宽均在特定的世代群体(B_(2)和F_(2))中以主基因遗传为主(>45%),多基因的遗传率较低(<38%),在一定程度上受到环境因素的影响,宜考虑在F_(2)、B_(2)及其自交后代中开展,选择特定基因型的理想植株。本研究旨在为大白菜叶片相关性状的进一步基因改良、基因克隆及高产优质大白菜新品种的选育奠定基础。Chinese cabbage is an important vegetable crop in China,and its leaves serving as a crucial determinant of yield and quality.To investigate the genetic patterns of leaf related traits,this study used the Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line qdh-225(35-10)(P_(1))and the oil type Chinese cabbage-Yellow sarson(16-67)(P_(2))with significant differences in leaf related traits as parents to construct hybrid combinations and generate B_(1),B_(2) and F_(2) populations.Five quantitative traits of Chinese cabbage,leaf length,leaf width,leaf rib length,leaf rib width and leaf rib thickness,were analyzed using a mixed major genes and polygene inheritance model.The results showed that leaf related traits(leaf length,leaf width,leaf rib length,leaf rib width,leaf rib thickness)exhibited significant quantitative characteristics in the separated population.Except for leaf width,which was best described by the PG-ADI model(a polygenic-additive dominant epistatic model),the traits of leaf length,leaf rib length,leaf rib width,and leaf rib thickness of Chinese cabbage were all controlled by 1~2 pairs of main genes and polygenic mixed genetic models.The optimal model for leaf length,leaf rib length,leaf rib width,and leaf rib thickness were MX1-AD-ADI,MX2-ADI-ADI,MX2-ADI-AD and MX2-A-AD,respectively.Among them,the inheritance of one pair of main genes controlling leaf length is mainly based on additive effect,and the leaf length is mainly inherited by major genes in B_(2) and F_(2).Leaf width is mainly inherited by polygenic in the B_(2) population,with a high polygenic inheritance rate of 76.7655%.The length,width,and thickness of the ribs in the leaves are controlled by two pairs of major genes,mainly exhibiting major gene effects,but also influenced by certain environmental factors.In conclusion,the analysis of genetic effect suggested that the main gene inheritance of leaf width of Chinese cabbage is low,and the trait improvement should be carried out in the late generation.Leaf length,leaf rib length,and leaf rib width ar

关 键 词：大白菜 易位系 叶片性状 遗传模型 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]