从斯巴达故事看卢梭的“非开化论”--重访卢梭《论科学和文艺》  

Rousseau's“De-Enlightenment”in the Light of the Spartan Tale-Rousseau's Discourse on the Sciences and Arts Revisited

作　　者：叶然 Ye Ran

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期6-12,152,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“尼采与欧洲文学传统之关系研究”(19CWW001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：卢梭在《论科学和文艺》中似乎展示了有可能建立一种不废古代高贵单纯的现代民主。在民主时代此可能性的吸引力不言而喻。这关乎一个根本问题:卢梭站在古今之间的什么位置?如上“古今之争”式的追问可以细化为:卢梭的“非开化论”(对应“古”)与反僭政激情(对应“今”)何干?通过分析《论科学和文艺》如何化用柏拉图《普罗塔戈拉》中的斯巴达故事,可知卢梭的反僭政激情关乎卢梭“非开化论”的如下内在疑难:“文艺的好古人士”卢梭反复画出又抹掉他所说的贤哲和平常人之间“光荣的界线”。而这源于卢梭以现代艺人式“全新而吸引人”的方式看待他所谓“事情的当前[僭政]状态”。Rousseau,in his Discourse on the Sciences and Arts,seems to demonstrate that it is possible to establish a modern democracy that does not abolish the noble simplicity of antiquity.In the age of democracy,the attraction of this possibility is self-evident.The fundamental question at stake is:where does Rousseau stand between the ancient and the modern?The above"ancients-moderns"style of questioning can be refined as follows:what is the relevance of Rousseau's"de-enlightenment"(corresponding to the"ancients")to the passion against tyranny(corresponding to the"modern"),By analyzing how the Discourse on the Sciences and Arts uses the Spartan tale of Plato's Protagoras,it can be seen that Rousseau's passion against tyranny is related to the following intrinsic quandary of Rousseau's"de-enlightenment":Rousseau the"artful antiquarian"repeatedly draws out and obliterates what he called the"honorable line"between the sages and the commoners man.And this is due to Rousseau's modern artist-like"new and attractive"way of looking at what he calls"the present[tyrannic]state of things".

关 键 词：卢梭 非开化论 论科学和文艺 柏拉图 斯巴达故事 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]