欧洲中世纪地图与乔叟的博识之旅--以《坎特伯雷故事》和《禽鸟议会》为中心  

Medieval European Maps and Chaucer's Journey to Natural History and Science:A Study Focused on Canterbury Tales and The Parliament of Fowls

作　　者：石小军[1] 董赛 Shi Xiaojun;Dong Sai

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学英语学院,北京100029

出　　处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期79-86,154,155,共10页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中古英语诗歌与地图史籍研究”(23BWW032)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：长期以来,英国文学史的撰写实践并没有足够重视“英诗之父”乔叟知识背景中的科学性部分。学界近年也已意识到这一忽略,并渐有改观。鉴于此,本文以欧洲中世纪地图和相关史籍为依凭,先在微观上选取《坎特伯雷故事》“总引”骑士为例,发现诗行间其远涉重洋的征战轨迹和经历均能从所参照的历史文献中一一找到证据,彰显出诗人的努力匠心及其丰富的史地知识;同时又以微观结果为基础,在宏观审视乔叟诸多作品的整体结构及叙事后,洞见诗人笔下的生动世界同中世纪博物志作品所记录的社会自然间的某种一致性,进而又揭示出诗人所具备的已超越一般文学、博物学范畴,更显科学性和前瞻性的自然知识格局以及知识本源。本研究力图能够为传统英国文学史中的乔叟书写提供一些有力补充,亦为解读诗人多重身份及其作品提供更多可能性。The development of the history of Knglish literature,for a long time,has not paid enough attention to the scientific aspects of Geoffrey Chaucer's wide knowledge,who is often referred to as the"Father of Knglish Poetry".In recent years,Chaucerian scholars have become aware of this ignorance and have started to make changes.Against this background,medieval Kuropean maps and relevant historical sources were used as references to study Chaucer's Knight in the"General Prologue"of The Canterbury Tales on a micro level.It was found that the knight's long overseas martial journeys and experiences,as described in the verses,can all be matched with events and places recorded in the historical documents.This highlights Chaucer's rigor and ingenuity in his literary creation,as well as his extensive knowledge of history and geography.Based on these micro-level findings,the overall structure and narrative of Chaucer's various works were examined on a macro level,and correspondences between the literary worlds of Chaucer,on the one hand,and the social and natural worlds described in medieval natural history,on the other,were observed.It was revealed that the origins of Chaucer's knowledge and scope of"natural science"goes beyond the literature and"natural history"categories,demonstrating Chaucer's more"scientific"and forwardlooking characteristics.This study aims to provide an essential supplement to the development of English literary history concerning Chaucer,as well as to suggest more possibilities for interpreting the poet's multifaceted identity and his works.

关 键 词：英国文学史 乔叟 欧洲中世纪地图 中世纪博物志 中世纪自然知识 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]