一种对北宋翰林学士履职具体情形的个案考察--以徐铉入宋后直学士院期间的生活状态与精神世界为中心  

A Case Study on the Hanlin Academicians of the Northern Song how to Fulfill Their Responsibilities——Centered on Xu Xuan's Living Situations and Spiritual World While He Had Been an Acting Hanlin Academician in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：张骁飞 Zhang Xiaofei

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院文学院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期87-93,155,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2024年度河南兴文化工程项目“宋初三朝翰林学士传论”阶段性成果;郑州师范学院人才引进项目“宋初三朝翰林学士生平事迹系年考辨与研究”(501034)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：徐铉是五代末北宋初的文坛宗师,是宋初两朝在院学士中三位有文集传世者之一,又身属贰臣,确可定为考察北宋翰林学士履职情形时的典型个案。综合徐铉直学士院期间的诗文创作及正史、笔记等相关记载可知:宋太宗欣赏徐铉的文才而不充分信任其人,决定了徐铉直院时政治生活处境的主色调,徐铉谦谨自抑的行事风格和擅草制诏的文学优长对这种困局有所化解;徐铉以直学士院的身份、深厚的学养和远播的文名被多位同僚引为师友,其旧时亲友因之得到关照,他们以铉为中心常有诗文互动,共同引领和推动了北宋翰苑与诗坛的酬唱之风;徐铉精神世界的底蕴是强烈的文化精英意识,因之他不愿彻底逢迎上意,能清醒对待仕途进退,能妥善处理家国情怀与个人志业,同时,倦仕思乡也是其萦绕心胸的情结;出学士院后,职位的清闲和酬唱的增多扩大了徐铉的影响力,也加剧了宋太宗对其的不信任,其被贬死邠州当与此有关。Xu Xuan was a great literary master during the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Song Dynasty.In the Emperor Taizu Period and Emperor Taizong Period of the Song Dynasty,Xu Xuan was one of the three Hanlin academicians whose anthology can be read by Today's people.Besides,Xu Xuan was an officer who served for two different dynasties,which makes him a typical case when researching the Northern Song Hanlin academicians on how to fulfill their responsibilities.Through relevant records in the official history,folk history,and studies on Xu Xuan's poems and writings during his time as an acting Hanlin academician,we can draw some conclusions as follows:Emperor Taizong appreciated Xu Xuan's literary talent but not fully trust him.which decided the main color of the political situation while Xu Xuan served as an Acting Hanlin academician,and Xu Xuan solved this dilemma successfully by his modesty,self-restraint and talent in literature.Xu Xuan was cited as a friend and mentor by his colleagues,by virtue of his political status,his deep knowledge,and his good reputation,so he could take care of his old friends and relatives,organize literary parties with them,promote and guide the development direction of poetry in the Han Yuan and the whole society.About Xu Xuan's spiritual world,he has a strong sense of cultural elitism,which made him unwilling to meet the wishes of his superiors.He could treat the advancement and retreat of his political career soberly,and deal with the contradiction between loyalty to the Song Dynasty and loyalty to his heart,while keeping being nostalgic in mind.After he quit Hanlin academy,he has had more leisure time to expand his influence by interacting with his friends and relatives,which further intensified his relationship with the Emperor Taizong.As a result,he died in Binzhou.

关 键 词：徐铉 北宋 直学士院 生活状态 精神世界 

分 类 号：I206.4[文学—中国文学]