培育“国家的孩子”:战时老舍的女性公共职责书写  

Nurturing“Children of the Nation”:On Lao She's Female Public Duty in Wartime Writing

作　　者：刘亚美 Liu Yamei

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院语言文化学院(国际交流学院),上海201701

出　　处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期94-100,155,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“五四文学思想的传统资源及其变革研究”(21AZD138)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于“国族至上”的理念,战时老舍写作赋予儿童等同成人的社会责任,还将其视为国族的隐喻。他希望儿童群体经历从“家仇”到“国仇”的转变后,具备复仇意识和行动能力,从“家庭的孩子”成长为“国家的孩子”,即国家命运和民族精神的重要承载者。这种转变必然引发女性在家庭与公共空间中的角色变化,也对母亲提出了更高的教育要求:她们不只是为家族繁衍子嗣、延续香火,更是为国家和民族培育未来的战士;她们需在日常生活中引导儿童从家庭仇恨上升到国家仇恨并积极复仇,在家庭范围构建起抵御日军侵略的坚固防线,并积极培养抗战的主力军和符合战争规范的接班人。总之,战时老舍女性书写以儿童在国家民族大义中的义务和担当为桥梁,凸显了居家女性在公共领域的责任,展现了母亲为国族培育新一代勇士的关键作用。Based on the concept of"national supremacy",Lao She's writing during the War of Resistance against Japan gave children the same social responsibility as adults,and regarded them as metaphors for the nation.He hoped that the children's community,after undergoing the transformation from"family hatred"to"national hatred",would be equipped with a sense of vengeance and the ability to take action,and would grow from"children of the family"to"children of the nation",i.e.,children of the fate of the nation and the nation's destiny.From a"child of the family"to a"child of the nation",i.e.an important bearer of national destiny and national spirit,this transformation inevitably triggered a change in women's roles in the family and public space,and also put forward higher educational requirements for mothers:they not only reproduced heirs for the family and continued the flame of the family,but also nurtured future fighters for the country and the nation;they needed to guide their children in their daily lives to elevate their hatred from family hatred to national hatred and actively take revenge,to build up a solid defense against Japanese aggression in the family sphere,and to actively train the main force of the war of resistance and the successor who meets the norms of war.In short,Laoshe's women's writing during the war takes children's obligation and responsibility in the national interest as a bridge,highlights the responsibility of housewives in the public sphere,and shows the key role of mothers in nurturing a new generation of warriors for the nation.

关 键 词：母亲 儿童 战士:家庭教育 复仇 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]