基于MSPA-MCR的祁连山地区生态空间网络识别与优化  

Study on the construction of regional eco⁃spatial network in Qilian Mountains based on MSPA⁃MCR

作　　者：张华瑞 李晓兵 齐鹏[1] ZHANG Hua-rui;LI Xiao-bing;QI Peng(Resource and Environmental Faculty of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Office of the Commissioner of the state forestry and grassland administration in Xi'an,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]国家林业和草原局驻西安专员办,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第6期88-100,共13页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：甘肃省重大专项"黄河流域甘肃段典型脆弱区生态环境保护与水安全保障关键技术研究与示范"项目(23ZDFA009);氮添加对农田土壤物理化学稳定性的影响机制项目(0722118)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,由于祁连山地区土地资源的不合理利用、超载过度放牧等人为因素导致生态环境质量下降,区域破碎化程度加剧。利用生态网络识别提高破碎化生境之间的连接度,加强生物多样性保护和提高生态恢复力。【方法】以祁连山地区为研究区,采用景观格局空间分析(MSPA)和景观指数法提取连接性较好的生态源地,利用最小累计阻力模型(MCR)构建生态廊道,分析生态网络存在问题,从多方面进行优化,形成祁连山地区生态网络结构布局。【结果】1)研究区草地资源丰富,占研究区总面积44.44%,林地、水域、耕地分别占总面积的8.57%、4.77%、3.21%;2)对斑块重要性(dPC)值较大的36块核心斑块进行选取并作为生态源地,其中斑块36和斑块35的面积分别为18267.98、6554.25 km^(2),dPC值分别为90.1556、38.2431,主要覆盖区域为门源祁连山生态牧场、寿鹿山、天祝三峡国家森林公园等;3)识别生态廊道共95条,重要廊道82条,总长度4563.24 km,一般廊道13条,总长度1069.02 km;4)对研究区斑块分布进行优化分析,优化后的生态网络识别了26个重要改善区以及77个脚踏石,主要分布以研究区中部地区及西部地区为主。【结论】通过保护祁连山地区36个核心生态源地,提升26个重要改善区质量,加强77个脚踏石建设,使其生态网络得到优化,整体呈现出“一心一轴五片区、两带多点多廊道”的基本结构布局,改善其破碎化生境间的景观连通性,为该地区生态文明建设提供科学建议。【Objective】In recent years,due to the irrational use of land resources,overgrazing and other human factors in the Qilian Mountains,the quality of the ecological environment has declined,and the degree of regional fragmentation has intensified.The identification of ecological networks can effectively improve the connectivity between fragmented habitats,which is of great significance in biodiversity conservation and ecological resilience.【Method】Taking the Qilian Mountains as the study area,the spatial analysis of landscape pattern(MSPA)and landscape index method were used to extract the ecological sources with good connectivity,and the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR)was used to construct ecological corridors,analyze the existing problems of the ecological network,and optimize the ecological network structure layout in the Qilian Mountains from many aspects.【Result】1)The study area was rich in grassland resources,accounting for 44.44%of the total area of the study area.Forest land,water area and cultivated land accounted for 8.57%,4.77%and 3.21%of the total area,respectively.2)The 36 core patches with large dPC values were selected as ecological sources,and the areas of patches 36 and 35 were 18267.98 km^(2)and 6554.25 km^(2),respectively.The dPC values were 90.1556 and 38.2431,respectively,and the main coverage areas were Menyuan Qilian Mountain Ecological Pasture,Shoulu Mountain,Tianzhu Three Gorges National Forest Park,etc.3)A total of 95 ecological corridors were identified,including 82 important corridors with a total length of 4563.24 km and 13 general corridors with a total length of 1069.02 km.4)The distribution of patches in the study area was optimized,and 26 important improvement areas and 77 stepping stones were identified in the optimized ecological network,which were mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the study area.【Conclusion】By protecting 36 core ecological sources in the Qilian Mountains,improving the quality of 26 important improvement areas,and stre

关 键 词：祁连山 生态网络 形态学空间格局分析 最小阻力值模型 生态廊道 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] S719[农业科学—畜牧学]