4种观赏草容器苗最适基质配比的筛选  

Screening of the optimal substrate ratio of container seedlings of four ornamental grasses

作　　者：朱萱 滕文军[1] 董双慧 丁国昌[2] 张辉[1] 岳跃森[1] 滕珂 温海峰[1] 范希峰[1] 武菊英[1] ZHU Xuan;TENG Wen-jun;DONG Shuang-hui;DING Guo-chang;ZHANG Hui;YUE Yue-sen;TENG Ke;WEN Hai-feng;FAN Xi-feng;WU Ju-ying(Institute of Grassland,Flowers and Ecology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100097,China;College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院草业花卉与景观生态研究所农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京100097 [2]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第6期181-190,共10页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新专项(KJCX20230119,CZZJ202210);现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC09-2023)。

摘　　要：【目的】为4种观赏草容器苗的产业化推广及标准化育苗提供科学依据。【方法】以蓝姬柳枝稷、五彩狼尾草、草原蓝调须芒草和溪水苔草为试材,以草炭、园土、蛭石和珍珠岩为材料配置成不同的基质组合,研究不同基质配比对4种观赏草容器苗生长的影响,并利用隶属函数法进行综合分析,筛选出4种观赏草容器苗的最适基质配比。【结果】蓝姬柳枝稷、五彩狼尾草和草原蓝调须芒草的株高、冠幅和分蘖数均在草炭处理下数值最大,草炭∶蛭石=2∶1次之,溪水苔草在草炭∶蛭石=2∶1处理组下生长性状长势最好;4种观赏草在不同基质处理下叶长和叶宽变化不完全一致,叶片厚度差异不显著;草炭处理下的4种观赏草叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均大于其他处理;在混合基质中叶绿素a/b最低,光合能力强;溪水苔草、五彩狼尾草和草原蓝调须芒草这3种观赏草容器苗均可在草炭∶蛭石=2∶1处理下生物量达到较高水平。【结论】隶属函数法综合分析,结合经济成本考虑,推荐蓝姬柳枝稷选择草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1处理为培养基质,五彩狼尾草、草原蓝调须芒草和溪水苔草则可选择草炭∶蛭石=2∶1基质配比进行容器苗培养。【Objective】The objective of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the industrialization and standardization of container seedlings of four ornamental grasses.【Method】Panicum virgatum‘Lanji’,P.alopecuroides‘Wucai’,Andropogon yunnanensis‘Prairie Blue’and Carex forficula were selected as the test materials.The effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of four ornamental grass container seedlings were studied by using grass charcoal,garden soil,vermiculite and perlite as materials,and the optimal substrate ratios of the four ornamental grass container seedlings were screened out by comprehensive analysis by membership function method.【Result】The plant height,crown width and tillering number of P.virgatum‘Lanji’,P.alopecuroides‘Wucai’and A.yunnanensis‘Prairie Blue’were the highest under peat,followed by peat∶vermiculite=2∶1,and the growth traits of C.forficula were the best under peat∶vermiculite=2∶1 treatment.The leaf length and width of the four ornamental grasses were not completely consistent under different substrate treatments,and the difference in leaf thickness was not significant.The contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the four ornamental grasses under the peat-treated treatment were higher than those in the other treatments.Chlorophyll a/b was the lowest in the mixed matrix,and the photosynthetic capacity was strong.The container seedlings of three ornamental grasses,namely C.forficula,P.alopecuroides‘Wucai’and A.yunnanensis‘Prairie Blue’,could reach a high level of biomass under the peat:vermiculite=2∶1 treatment.【Conclusion】Based on the comprehensive analysis of the membership function method and the consideration of economic cost,this experiment recommended the treatment of peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=1∶1∶1 for P.virgatum‘Lanji’,and A.yunnanensis‘Prairie Blue’,P.alopecuroides‘Wucai’and C.forficula can be cultivated in a peat∶vermiculite=2∶1 substrate ratio.

关 键 词：观赏草 基质配比 容器苗 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]