河西走廊地区青贮玉米产量形成对灌水量的响应  

Response of yield formation of silage maize to irrigation amount in Hexi Corridor irrigation area

作　　者：董继业 牛赟 张建喜 王顺利 王钰煐 张飞 DONG Ji-ye;NIU Yun;ZHANG Jian-xi;WANG Shun-li;WANG Yu-ying;ZHANG Fei(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223300,China;Qilian Mountain Water Conservation Forest Research Institute of Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]淮阴师范学院,江苏淮安223300 [3]甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2024年第6期208-216,共9页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFG0002);国家自然科学基金项目(32060247);江苏高等学校协同创新计划项目(HSXT30511)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究灌水对河西走廊地区青贮玉米光合日变化、农艺性状及产量的影响,寻求河西灌区青贮玉米最佳灌水量。【方法】以青贮玉米金岭67号为研究对象,于2022年在甘肃民乐县华瑞牧场开展大田试验,设置灌溉处理4个:4920 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1))、5535 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))、6150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))、6765 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(4)),分析不同灌溉量对青贮玉米抽雄期叶片光合特性、农艺性状及产量的影响。【结果】1)抽雄期各灌溉处理的净光合速率(P_(n))率、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))及叶绿素(SPAD)日均值表现为W_(2)>W_(3)>W_(4)>W_(1),W_(2)处理下叶片P_(n)、T_(r)、G_(s)、C_(i)及SPAD分别较其他处理增加了7.51%~29.21%、11.91%~47.09%、12.84%~31.82%、6.94%~23.40%和7.65%~11.42%。2)苗期-拔节期青贮玉米茎粗增长迅速,抽雄期达到稳定,W_(2)处理显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),至成熟期达到最大值,W_(2)处理较其他处理增加了6.28~14.17%。苗期-抽雄期青贮玉米株高及叶面积指数增长迅速,抽雄期达到稳定,并以W_(2)处理最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),成熟期W_(2)处理较其他处理分别增加了2.95~19.27%和1.57~8.07%。3)除W_(3)处理外,W_(2)处理下青贮玉米生物产量与其他处理间差异显著(P<0.05),W_(2)较W_(3)增加了0.87%。【结论】在当地传统施肥条件下,灌溉量在5535 m^(3)/hm^(2)时青贮玉米的产量最佳。因此,合理的灌溉量有助于作物光合能力的提升,促进干物质的积累,进而有效提高作物的生长状况及产量。【Objective】This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation rates on the diurnal variation of photosynthesis,agronomic traits,and yield of silage maize in Hexi Corridor irrigation area,to identify the optimal irrigation rate.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at Huarui farming,Minle county,Gansu province,China,using silage maize(Jinling 67)as the research material.Four irrigation rates were applied:4920 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1)),5535 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2)),6150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))and 6765 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(4)).The effects of irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,and yield of silage maize were analyzed.【Result】(1)The daily averages of net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i)),and chlorophyll(SPAD)followed the trend W_(2)>W_(3)>W_(4)>W_(1).The W_(2)treatment increased P_(n),T_(r),G_(s),C_(i),and SPAD by 7.51%~29.21%,11.91%~47.09%,12.84%~31.82%,6.94%~23.40%,and 7.65%~11.42%,respectively,compared to other treatments.(2)The stem diameter of silage maize increased rapidly from the seedling to jointing stage,with W_(2)significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05)and reaching its maximum at maturity.W_(2)treatment resulted in 6.28%~14.17%increase in stem diameter.Plant height and leaf area index also increased rapidly until the tasseling stage,where W_(2)treatment was significantly higher(P<0.05),showing increases of 2.95%~19.27%and 1.57%~8.07%,respectively,at maturity compared to other treatments.(3)The W_(2)treatment significantly increased the biomass of maize silage(P<0.05).Specifically,the W_(2)treatment showed an increase of 0.87%compared to the W_(3)treatment.【Conclusion】An irrigation rate of 5535 m^(3)/hm^(2)yielded the highest silage maize production under local traditional fertilization conditions.Adequate irrigation enhances crop photosynthetic capacity,promotes dry matter accumulation,and improves growth conditions and yield of crops.

关 键 词：灌溉量 青贮玉米 光合特性 日变化 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548