2000—2023年俄罗斯远东地区登记大豆品种来源、产量、品质及主要性状演变分析  

Analysis of Origin,Yield,Quality and Main Traits Evolution of Registered Soybean Varieties in Far East Region of Russia from 2000 to 2023

作　　者：魏然 于晓光[1] СЕЛИХОВАОА ФЕДОСЕЕВАДВ 崔杰印[1] 韩德志[1] 贾鸿昌[1] 杨树 WEI Ran;YU Xiaoguang;СЕЛИХОВАОА;ФЕДОСЕЕВАДВ;CUI Jieyin;HAN Dezhi;JIA Hongchang;YANG Shu(Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heihe 164300,China;Russian Far East National Agricultural University,Blagovyshensk 675005,Russia)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院,黑龙江黑河164300 [2]俄罗斯远东国立农业大学,俄罗斯布拉戈维申斯克675005

出　　处：《大豆科学》2025年第1期42-50,共9页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院科研项目(CX23ZD03);东北北部极早熟、超早熟高油高产大豆新品种培育(2023ZD0403104);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费(CZKYF2023-1-B016)。

摘　　要：为了解俄罗斯远东地区大豆育种现状,大豆品种的产量、品质以及主要性状的演变情况,本文对2000—2023年该地区登记的107个大豆品种的来源、育种方法以及花色、叶型、茸毛色、结荚习性、生育期天数、株高、百粒重、籽粒蛋白质、脂肪含量、产量等性状进行分析。结果表明:远东地区大豆品种主要来源包括俄罗斯本国科研机构、本国企业以及外国育种机构,其中全俄大豆研究所是该地区最重要的大豆育种单位,其主要育种方法为杂交育种。该地区大豆品种在培育过程中花色、茸毛色不作为选择标准,而卵形叶、无限结荚习性大豆品种数量较多。品种的平均生育期天数、百粒重、籽粒蛋白质含量以及产量等性状整体上呈逐渐上升趋势,而株高和籽粒脂肪含量整体上呈逐渐下降趋势,其中平均产量上升9.03%,生育期天数增加2.02%,百粒重上升4.96%,籽粒蛋白质含量上升2.21%,株高下降2.47%,籽粒脂肪含量下降2.4%。研究结果表明2000—2023年间俄罗斯远东地区大豆育种水平逐步提高,但其品种在产量及品质等方面较相邻的我国黑龙江省大豆品种不具备明显优势,我国大豆品种具有在俄罗斯远东地区登记和推广的潜力。In order to understand the current situation of soybean breeding in the Far East region of Russia and the evolution of yield,quality,and main traits of soybean varieties,this study analyzed the sources,breeding methods,flower color,leaf type,hairy color,podding habits,growth period days,plant height,100-seed weight,seed protein and fat content,yield,and other traits of 107 registered soybean varieties in the region from 2000 to 2023.The analysis results showed that the main sources of soybean varieties in the Far East region include Russian domestic scientific research institutions,domestic enterprises,and foreign breeding institutions.Among them,the All Russian Soybean Research Institute is the most important soybean breeding unit in the region,and its main breeding method is hybrid breeding.In the cultivation process of soybean varieties in this region,flower color and furry color are not used as selection criteria,while there are a large number of oval leaf and infinite pod habit soybean varieties.The average growth period days,100-seed weight,seed protein content,and yield of the variety show a gradually increasing trend overall,while plant height and seed fat content showed a gradually decreasing trend overall.Among them,the average yield increased by 9.03%,the number of days of fertility increased by 2.02%,the 100-seed weight increased by 4.96%,the protein content increased by 2.21%,the plant height decreased by 2.47%,and the fat content decreased by 2.4%.The research results indicate that the breeding level of soybean in the Far East region has gradually improved from 2000 to 2023,but its varieties do not have significant advantages in yield and quality compared to neighboring soybean varieties in Heilongjiang province,China.Chinese soybean varieties have the potential to be registered and promoted in the Far East region of Russia.

关 键 词：俄罗斯远东地区 大豆品种 性状 产量 品质 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]