亚有限结荚习性鲜食大豆衢鲜8号高产栽培因子优化  

Optimization of Cultural Factors Affecting Yield of Vegetable Soybean Cultivar Quxian 8

作　　者：邵晓伟 雷俊 许竹溦 姜欢 石子建 汪寿根 赵琳[2] SHAO Xiaowei;LEI Jun;XU Zhuwei;JIANG Huan;SHI Zijian;WANG Shougen;ZHAO Lin(Quzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Quzhou 324000,China;Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]衢州市农业林业科学研究院,浙江衢州324000 [2]杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《大豆科学》2025年第1期51-60,共10页Soybean Science

基　　金：衢州市科技计划项目(2022K23);浙江省重大科技专项(2021C02064-5);科技联盟区域示范项目(2023SJLM17)。

摘　　要：为优化亚有限结荚习性鲜食大豆的高产高效栽培技术,2022—2023年以衢鲜8号为材料,研究栽培因子播期(X_(1))、密度(X_(2))、烯效唑喷施时期(X_(3))及喷施浓度(X_(4))对鲜食大豆产量的影响,采用四元二次正交旋转组合设计,以播期、密度、烯效唑喷施时期和喷施浓度为变量,研究各栽培因子对衢鲜8号产量的影响,建立鲜食大豆产量和试验因子的回归数学模型,采用主效应分析、单因素效应分析和交互项分析方法对数学模型进行模拟寻优,优化各栽培因子。结果表明:建立了鲜食大豆产量优化数学回归模型,Y_(1)=11 283.34-2 148.20X_(1)-169.16X_(2)+187.85X_(3)-172.63X_(4)-1 480.14X_(1)^(2)-546.93X_(2)^(2)-487.02X_(3)^(2)-495.44X_(4)^(2)-190.75X_(1)X_(3)和Y_(2)=10 834.23-1 231.55X_(1)+184.20X_(2)+221.27X_(3)-195.49X_(4)-1 091.78X_(1)^(2)-277.39X_(2)^(2)-285.70X_(3)^(2)-515.57X_(4)^(2)+268.54X_(1)X_(3)。各因素对衢鲜8号产量的影响主次顺序依次为:播期、喷施时期、喷施浓度、密度。其中播期、密度、烯效唑喷施时期和喷施浓度与鲜食大豆产量的关系均呈开口向下的抛物线,说明播期、喷施时期过早或过晚,密度、喷施浓度过大或过小都会对鲜食大豆产量造成影响。播期与喷施时期交互作用对鲜食大豆产量有显著影响。研究表明鲜食大豆产量大于10 500 kg·hm^(-2)的优化栽培措施为播期7月26—30日,密度16万株·hm^(-2),烯效唑喷施时期4~5叶期,喷施浓度55.69~75.03 mg·kg^(-1)时,研究结果可为亚有限结荚习性鲜食大豆的高产高效栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。To optimize high-yield and efficient cultivation techniques on semi-determinate podding habit vegetable soybean cultivar Quxian 8,four main factors including sowing date(X_(1)),density(X_(2)),spraying stages(X_(3)),and spray concentration(X_(4)),were studied using orthogonal rotatable central composite design in 2022 and 2023.We studied the effects of cultivation factors on the yield of Quxian 8 with the quaternary quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design by using the sowing date,density,uniconazole spraying time and spraying concentration as variables.The regression mathematical model of fresh soybean yield and experimental factors was established,and the mathematical model was simulated and optimized by the methods of principal effect analysis,single factor effect analysis and interaction term analysis.A mathematical regression model for yield was established Y_(1)=11 283.34-2 148.20X_(1)-169.16X_(2)+187.85X_(3)-172.63X_(4)-1 480.14X_(1)^(2)-546.93X_(2)^(2)-487.02X_(3)^(2)-495.44X_(4)^(2)-190.75X_(1)X_(3)和Y_(2)=10 834.23-1 231.55X_(1)+184.20X_(2)+221.27X_(3)-195.49X_(4)-1 091.78X_(1)^(2)-277.39X_(2)^(2)-285.70X_(3)^(2)-515.57X_(4)^(2)+268.54X_(1)X_(3).The results showed that the order of significant affected factors was sowing date,spraying stages,spray concentration,density,and extremely high or low density,spraying stages,spray concentration,and sowing date decreased the yield of Quxian 8.Two types of interactions,between sowing date and spraying stages,had significant effects on yield.This study shows that high yield of more than 10500 kg·ha-1 could be achieved with the optimal condition including sowing date between 26th to 30th July,density of 16.0×104 plants·ha-1,spraying stages of V4-V5,spray concentration between 55.69 to 75.03 mg·kg^(-1),and provides theoretical basis and technical support for the high-yield and efficient cultivation of semi-determinate podding habit vegetable soybean.

关 键 词：鲜食大豆 二次正交旋转组合设计 栽培因子 亚有限结荚习性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]