播期和萌发期冷处理对不同耐低温性大豆生态性状的影响  

Effects of Cold Treatment During Sowing and Germination Periods on Ecological Characters of Soybeans with Different Low Temperature Tolerance

作　　者：孙晓环[1,2] 陈造业 白艳凤 孙国宏[1] 王燕平[1] 宗春美[1] 王晓梅[1] 杜维广[1] SUN Xiaohuan;CHEN Zaoye;BAI Yanfeng;SUN Guohong;WANG Yanping;ZONG Chunmei;WANG Xiaomei;DU Weiguang(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Center for Sour Amino Acid Soybean Breeding Engineering Technology/Mudanjiang Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Soybean Industry Technology System,Mudanjiang 157041,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院/含硫氨基酸大豆育种工程技术研究中心/国家大豆产业技术体系牡丹江综合试验站,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《大豆科学》2025年第1期61-71,共11页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院科技攻关项目(2021YYYF006);崖州湾种子实验室与中国种子集团有限公司联合揭榜挂帅项目(B23YQ1501);国家自然科学基金(32272048);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200103)。

摘　　要：为给选育萌发期耐低温大豆品种和农民“适时早播”种植大豆提供理论依据,本研究首先以相对发芽率和相对正常苗率为指标,综合评价了169份东北大豆种质资源萌发期的耐低温(6℃)能力,从中筛选出10份耐冷型(T)、8份中间型(M)和9份敏感型(S)代表性大豆资源进行田间试验,研究了早播(K)、正常(CK)和晚播(P)等3个播期和萌发期冷处理(N)对不同耐低温类型大豆生态性状的影响。结果表明:随播期推迟,整体上大豆各生育阶段缩短和活动积温减少,有效分枝数从2.2个降低到1.1个,粗蛋白含量从38.8%降低到38.0%,蛋脂总量从60.9%降低到59.0%,同时晚播(P)时单株有效荚数和粒重显著降低,但是早播(K)时大豆单株产量与CK无明显差异;不同耐低温型大豆种质之间各性状随播期的变化规律基本相同,但是存在一些差异;耐冷型(T)大豆具有更高的有效分枝数、蛋白质含量与蛋脂总量(T>M>S)以及单株有效荚数;生育期和积温无明显变化时,大豆萌发期6℃处理后,大豆的花荚脱落率下降5.8%,有效分枝数和单株有效荚数均显著增加,单株粒重增加2.3 g,有增产效应。结果说明,选育萌发期耐冷型大豆并适时早播,有利于改善大豆品质,增加有效分枝数,同时发现萌发期冷胁迫能影响大豆后期生长发育且具有增产效应。To provide theoretical basis for breeding low-temperature tolerant soybean varieties during the germination period and for farmers to plant soybeans with“timely early sowing”,this study first comprehensively evaluated the low-temperature tolerance(6℃)ability of 169 northeast soybean germplasm resources during the germination period using relative germination rate and relative normal seedling rate as indicators.10 representative soybean resources of cold tolerant type(T),8 intermediate type(M),and 9 sensitive type(S)were selected for field experiments,and the effects of early sowing(K),normal sowing(CK),and late sowing(P),as well as cold treatment(N)during the germination period,on the ecological traits of different low-temperature tolerant soybean types were studied.The results showed that with the delay of sowing date,the overall growth stages of soybean shortened and the accumulated temperature of activity decreased.The number of effective branches decreased from 2.2 to 1.1,the crude protein content decreased from 38.8%to 38.0%,and the total protein and fat content decreased from 60.9%to 59.0%.At the same time,the number of effective pods and seeds weight per plant significantly decreased during late sowing(P),but there was no significant difference in soybean yield per plant between early sowing(K)and CK.The changes in various traits of different low-temperature tolerant soybean germplasm with different sowing dates were basically the same as the whole,but there were some differences.Cold tolerant(T)soybeans exhibited higher effective branching numbers,protein content,total protein and fat content(T>M>S),and effective pods numbers per plant.When there were no significant changes in the growth period and accumulated temperature,after treatment at 6℃during soybean germination,the shedding rate of soybean pods decreased by 5.8%,the number of effective branches and effective pods per plant increased significantly,and the seeds weight per plant increased by 2.3 g,showing a yield increasing effect.The above

关 键 词：种质资源 大豆 萌发期 耐低温 播期 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]