连续秸秆还田对大豆产量、磷素吸收特征及土壤磷组分的影响  

Effects of Continuous Straw Returning on Soybean Yield,Phosphorus Absorption Characteristics and Soil Phosphorus Fractions

作　　者：尚磊 杨栗恒 王孟雪[1] 王鹏[1,2] SHANG Lei;YANG Liheng;WANG Mengxue;WANG Peng(College of Agriculture Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.China,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《大豆科学》2025年第1期106-116,共11页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2022YFD1000105)。

摘　　要：为探究连续秸秆还田后,在不同土壤肥力条件下,大豆对施磷水平的反应及黑土供磷潜力,在2016—2022年连续7年进行秸秆还田试验点,于2022和2023年选用黑河43为试验材料,设置秸秆还田和秸秆离田2个处理,在连续秸秆还田条件下于2种不同土壤肥力处理水平上进行不同磷肥用量试验。2022年分别设置0,50.2,71.8和86.1 kg·hm^(-2)P_(2)O_(5)4个施磷水平(P0、P1、P2和P3),其中71.8 kg·hm^(-2)P_(2)O_(5)(P2)为当地推荐磷肥用量,2023年分别设置0,50.2和71.8 kg·hm^(-2)P_(2)O_(5)3个施磷水平(P0、P1和P2),研究秸秆还田对大豆产量和土壤磷组分的影响,连续秸秆还田条件下施磷水平对大豆产量、干物质积累量、磷素积累与分配的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田与秸秆离田相比,大豆产量显著提高,增产幅度达到17.59%~22.55%;秸秆还田后土壤全磷、H2O-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po和残余-P的含量显著提高,提高幅度分别为31.68%~43.12%、44.05%~78.82%、148.03%~223.66%、23.84%~37.92%、80.67%~97.32%和67.44%~76.04%,NaHCO3-Po和HCl-P含量显著降低,降低幅度分别达到15.58%~28.63%和22.65%~39.57%,其中土壤中等活性磷的比例增加了3.37%~4.95%,稳定态磷的比例降低了4.42%~5.04%。两年两试验区试验结果表明,大豆产量随施磷水平的提高呈先增加后降低的趋势,P3处理较P2处理大豆籽粒产量显著降低了8.89%~15.75%。不同施磷水平在大豆不同生育阶段的影响表现为大豆生长前期干物质积累量和磷素积累量随着施磷水平的增加而增加,过高的施磷水平对大豆生长后期干物质积累量和磷素积累量有降低的趋势,同时也不利于磷素向籽粒中的转移分配,P3处理磷素在籽粒中的分配比例为54.45%~59.74%,显著低于P0、P1和P2处理。综上所述,经过连续6~7年秸秆还田后,秸秆还田较秸秆离田显著提高了大豆产量,提高了土壤全磷含量,降低了土壤稳定态磷百分含量,从而提高了土壤�In order to investigate the response of soybean to phosphorus application level and the phosphorus supply potential of black soil under different soil fertility conditions after continuous straw returning,straw returning test site for seven consecutive years from 2016 to 2022,Heihe 43 was selected as the test material in 2022 and 2023.We set up two treatments of straw returning to the field and straw removal,under the condition of continuous straw returning to the field,the experiment of different phosphorus fertilizer dosage was carried out at two different soil fertility treatment levels.Four phosphorus application levels(P0,P1,P2 and P3)of 0,50.2,71.8 and 86.1 kg·hm^(-2) P_(2)O_(5)(P2)were set respectively in 2022,where 71.8 kg·hm^(-2) P_(2)O_(5)(P2)was the recommended local phosphorus fertilizer dosage,three phosphorus application levels(P0,P1 and P2)of 0,50.2 and 71.8 kg·hm^(-2) P_(2)O_(5) were set in 2023,respectively.The effects of straw returning on soybean yield and soil phosphorus fractions,and the effects of phosphorus application level on soybean yield,dry matter accumulation,phosphorus accumulation and distribution under continuous straw returning were studied.The results show that:compared with straw removal,soybean yield of straw returning to field treatment increased significantly by 17.59%-22.55%.The contents of total phosphorus,H 2 O-P,NaHCO 3-Pi,NaOH-Pi,NaOH-Po and residual-P in soil increased significantly after straw returned to the field.The increasing rate were 31.68%-43.12%,44.05%-78.82%,148.03%-223.66%,23.84%-37.92%,80.67%-97.32%and 67.44%-76.04%,respectively.The contents of NaHCO 3-Po and HCl-P were significantly decreased.The reduction ranges were 15.58%-28.63%and 22.65%-39.57%,respectively.The proportion of medium active phosphorus in soil increased by 3.37%-4.95%,and the proportion of stable phosphorus decreased by 4.42%-5.04%.The results of two years and two experimental areas showed that the soybean yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus applicat

关 键 词：秸秆还田 大豆 土壤磷组分 磷素吸收与分配 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]