后处理厂气载流出物源项研究与环境影响评价  

Research on and Environmental Impact Assessment of Source Term for Airborne Effluent from Spent Fuel Reprocessing Plant

作　　者：杨浩 冯敏 刘郢 郑平辉 马敬 YANG Hao;FENG Min;LIU Ying;ZHENG Ping-hui;MA Jing(China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Bejing 100840,China;CNNC Spent Fuel Reprocessing Engineering&Technology Research Center,Bejing 100840,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核电工程有限公司,北京100840 [2]中核核燃料后处理工程技术研究中心,北京100840

出　　处：《四川环境》2025年第1期56-62,共7页Sichuan Environment

摘　　要：合理地确定后处理厂气载流出物源项是后处理厂环境影响评价的基础,后处理厂气载流出物环境影响评价是后处理厂取得建造许可证和运行许可证的重要工作。在核燃料后处理厂物料与放射性衡算基础上,研究了采用PUREX流程处理动力堆乏燃料的后处理厂运行工况下各类排气系统初始放射性源项和尾气量,对各系统夹带系数、净化系数进行合理评估,得到处理通量为5tUbi/d的核燃料后处理厂正常运行状态下放射性气载流出物源项,最终对核燃料后处理厂气载流出物的环境影响进行了评价,评价结果表明源项计算过程中所选取的参数基本合理,核燃料后处理厂放射性气载流出物与国外后处理厂批复值对比基本相当,同时满足标准(GB13695)中关于总量控制的要求,气载流出物对周围公众造成的最大个人有效剂量为1.15E-05 Sv/a,远小于厂址剂量约束值0.25mSv/a,厂址附近各类生物所受的剂量率最大值为1.60μGy/h,小于ERICA推荐的筛选值(10μGy/h),对公众和周围生物的辐射环境影响可以接受。Reasonable determination of the source term for airborne effluent from a spent fuel reprocessing plant is the basis for environmental impact assessment of the spent fuel reprocessing plant,and environmental impact assessment of airborne effluent from the spent fuel reprocessing plant is an important task of the spent fuel reprocessing plant for obtaining construction license and operation license.In the paper,the initial radioactive source terms and exhaust gas volumes of various exhaust systems under various operating conditions of the spent fuel reprocessing plant was studied based on the balance of materials and radioactivity of the spent fuel reprocessing plant which uses the PUREX process to treat the spent fuel of the power reactor;the entrainment coefficient and determination factor of each system was reasonably evaluated;the source term of radioactive airborne effluent from the spent fuel reprocessing plant under normal operation with a processing capacity of 5tUbi/d was obtained;and the environmental impact of airborne effluents from the spent fuel reprocessing plant was finally evaluated.The results showed that the parameters selected for the calculation process of the source term were basically reasonable,the radioactive airborne effluent of the spent fuel reprocessing plant is basically the same as the emission limit of foreign reprocessing plants,the requirements of the standard(GB13695)for total control were met,the maximum individual effective dose of the airborne effluent to the surrounding environment and the public was 1.15E-05 Sv/a which was much less than the dose constraint of 0.25mSv/a on the plant site,and the maximum dose rate of various organisms near the plant site was 1.60μGy/h,less than the screening value recommended by ERICA(10μGy/h),thus the radiation environmental impact on the public and surrounding organisms is acceptable.

关 键 词：后处理 气载流出物 源项 评价 

分 类 号：X771[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TL249[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]